Cambridge IGCSE American History (US)

1. Cambridge IGCSE American History (US) Kofa High School 2012-13

2. Theme 1 Government and the People 1754-2000

3. Key Question 1 How did Americans develop the US Political System during the period from 1754 to 1865? What role did political ideas have before 1776? How was the constitution created? How and to what extent did the political system move toward democracy? How important was the principle of states rights before 1861?

4. The Thirteen Original Colonies

5. Colonists Response to British Rule 1754-76 Royal Colonies-owned directly by the king Proprietary Colonies-land grant, somewhat free Charter Colonies-almost totally free ACTIVITY - Identify the colony types on a map.

6. Colonists Response to British Rule 1754-76 Until the mid-1700s, colonies allowed freedom. In 1760, King George III imposed new taxes and laws on the colonists. Stamp Act – printed material Sugar Act Townsend Act – high taxes on multiple things Intolerable Acts – main one is tea

7. Colonists Response to British Rule 1754-76 Sons of Liberty form-led by Samuel Adams – “No Taxation Without Representation” Key events lead us towards revolution Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Lexington and Concord Colonies meet in representative Congresses Question: Why do people in Boston seem to want to protest more?

8. Adams, Jefferson, Paine Adams urges revolution in Congresses What was the original purpose of these various Congresses? Paine-publishes “Common Sense” What is it about? What effect does it have? Jefferson-authors Declaration of Independence

9. Creation of the Constitution and Bill of Rights 1781-90 Victorious colonies stay with Articles of Confederation as their government. What were the positive/negative aspects to this type of government? Event pushes US to fix their government. Shay’s Rebellion

10. The Articles of Confederation “a firm league of friendship” among the States. • Obligations • Obey Congress • Respect the laws of the other States. • Powers • Declare war • Deal with national finance issues • Settle disputes among the States.

13. Creation of the Constitution and Bill of Rights 1781-90 Constitutional Convention is called. Issues at first between big state and small states. Why? What were the plans of big and small states when it came to the legislative branch?

14. Conflicting Plans Virginia Plan 3 branches 2 houses of congress – bicameral Number of reps determined by population New Jersey Plan 3 branches 1 house of congress Equal number of reps for all states

15. The Great Compromise Also known as the Connecticut Compromise Combine Plans 2 houses of congress House of Reps – based on population Slaves count as 3/5 of a person Senate – 2 reps per state Large and Small states benefit

17. Identify these other Compromises 3/5ths compromise Commerce and Slave Trade compromise

18. Creation of the Constitution and Bill of Rights 1781-90 Constitution drafted Sept 17th, 1787 Disagreement immediately on whether or not it should be approved and ratified. Two Rival Groups form Federalist Anti-Federalist

19. Federalists vs Anti-Federalists Federalists Supported constitution strong federal gov’t Would create a strong stable nation Anti-Federalists opposed constitution Power in the states Federal gov’t would abuse power Gov’t should be close to home

20. Bill of Rights Only way states would agree 12 Amendments sent around to states for ratification 10 were approved What are they? http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/billofrights/

21. Political Beginnings 1st President – G. Washington 2 party system Originally Federalists and Democratic-Republicans Bank of the United States Creation of Washington D.C.

22. Washington Accomplishments America felt an obligation to help French Revolution Washington chose neutrality – not choosing sides Created cabinet Warned us of future issues in “Farewell Address” 2 terms is enough

23. Original Provisions (FYI) The President and Vice President are chosen by presidential electors. This group is known as the Electoral College Originally, these electors each cast two electoral votes,each for a different candidate. The candidate with the most votes would become President, and the candidate with the second highest total would become Vice President.

24. The Rise of Parties With the rise of political parties in 1796, flaws began to be seen in the system. Adams beat Jefferson by 3 votes Jefferson became his VP (rival party)

25. John Adams Accomplishments XYZ Affair Alien and Sedition Act Appoints people on his way out of office to sabotage Jefferson Leads to case of Marbury v. Madison Creates Judicial Review

26. Election of 1800 Tie went to the House of Reps Took 36 ballots to select Jefferson Led to a Constitutional change-12th Amendment

27. Presidency of Thomas Jefferson Elected in 1800 Average guy – simplified presidency Louisiana Purchase – from France $18 per square mile Lewis and Clark Explore the west, find a northwest passage

29. Presidents and Parties before 1850 James Monroe-Monroe Doctrine Andrew Jackson suffers defeat in 1824. Calls it a “Corrupt Bargain” Why? What happened? Andrew Jackson elected in 1828 as 1st Democrat

30. Andrew Jackson Shuts down the National bank Indian Removal Act Ignores the Supreme Court Fights for Federal power Nullification issue Spoils System – cleaning house “to the victor goes the spoils” Appoints best friends

31. New Political Parties Republican – opposed slavery Democrat – states rights, divided on slavery Whig – pro business, divided on slavery Know Nothing – Anti-immigration Free-Soil – anti-expansion of slavery

32. Death of a President • William Henry Harrison, Whig, dies after being president for 32 days. • Vice President John Tyler takes over office • How does this impact the presidency?