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VLAN Trunking protocol- Chapter 4

VLAN Trunking protocol- Chapter 4. CCNA Exploration Semester 3 Modified by Profs. Ward and Cappellino. Topics. The role of VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) Operation of VTP Configure VTP on switches. LAN Design. Basic Switch Concepts. Wireless. VLANs. STP. Inter-VLAN routing. VTP- Ch 4.

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VLAN Trunking protocol- Chapter 4

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  1. VLAN Trunking protocol- Chapter 4 CCNA Exploration Semester 3 Modified by Profs. Ward and Cappellino

  2. Topics • The role of VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) • Operation of VTP • Configure VTP on switches

  3. LAN Design Basic Switch Concepts Wireless VLANs STP Inter-VLAN routing VTP- Ch 4 Semester 3

  4. Purpose of VTP • VLANs are created on a _______________. • What if you have the same VLANs on 10 linked switches? Or 100 linked switches? Do you have to create the VLANs on every switch and allow them on each trunk? • As the number of switches increases the overall administration required to manage VLANs and trunks becomes a challenge. • VTP helps… • VTP allows a network manager to _____________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ in the network • Switch can be configured as a ________________________ • Access ports to VLANs on each switch must ______________

  5. VTP Factory Defaults • Version ______ (Versions 2 and 3 also exist.) • VTP domain name is _______________ • VTP mode: __________________ • One active VLAN- ______________ • Configuration revision number 0 • Any switches added to a domain should be in the default condition or they may send unwanted information to other switches.

  6. show VTP status Parameters… • VTP Version • Maximum VLANs Supported • Number of Existing VLANs • VTP Operating Mode- server, client, or transparent. • VTP Domain Name • VTP Pruning Mode • VTP V2 Mode (disabled by default) • VTP Traps Generation • MD5 Digest (checksum of VTP configuration) • Configuration Last Modified

  7. VTP Components • VTP Domain • 3 different VTP modes: • VTP ______________ • VTP _____________ • VTP _____________ • VTP Advertisements • VTP Pruning More to come on all of these…

  8. VTP Domain • Group of layer 2 switches _______________ and the _____________________________ • Boundary of domain ends at __________________ • Each switch can belong to only ______________. • Domain _________ the extent to which configuration ____________________ • _________________, so all switches in domain must be Cisco switches. • Switch can be linked but not part of domain.

  9. VTP Server Mode • ______________ mode of switch • One switch acts as server. • __________________________ on the server switch for the entire VTP domain • _____________on this switch. • Information saved in ________________. • Server ________________________ in the same VTP domain over active trunk links. • Keeps ________________ through a ___________ ____________________

  10. VTP Client Mode • Client _________________________________ and forwards that info to other switches • Client switches then have the same VLANs as the server • A switch in ________________________________ ____________________________________ • Client _________________________________ • held only in RAM and lost if switch is powered off • If shut down and restarted, switch sends a request advertisement to a VTP server for updated VLAN information

  11. VTP Transparent Mode • Switch _____________________________ _________________________________ • Can ________________________, not shared with other switches. • Put a switch in transparent mode if it has local VLANs that are not on other switches. • The other switches do not need to know about them. • VLAN _____________________________

  12. VTP Frame Structure _________________ (aka messages) ____________________________________________________________ to VTP-enabled switches. VTP Frame Encapsulation A VTP frame ____________________ and a __________________________ The ________________ is inserted into the _____________ of an Ethernet frame. The Ethernet frame is then _________ _____________________________ _________________ in the domain sends _______________________ out each trunk port Received by neighboring switches, which update their VTP and VLAN configurations as necessary.

  13. Fields of a VTP Frame • __________ _____________________ • ___________________ 01-00-0C-CC-CC-CC • Reserved multicast address for ___________________ • VTP header field - The contents vary depending on the VTP message type but always contains these VTP fields: • ___________ - Identifies the domain for the switch. • Domain name __________ - Length of the domain name. • ____________ - Set to either VTP 1, VTP 2, or VTP 3. • __________________________ - The current configuration revision number on this switch.

  14. Configuration revision number • 32-bit number. • Default value is _____________. • It is _____________________________ __________________________ • Reset to 0 if domain name changes. • Switch uses revision number to see if ________________________________________________ that what that switch already holds.

  15. VTP ______________________ • Contains the ________________, the _____ ___________, and other VTP ____________ __________________ • Sent immediately __________________ with updated revision number. • Sent ______________________________ to check on current VTP configuration revision number.

  16. VTP _________ Advertisement Sent ____________________- if: • The VTP _________________________ • The switch __________________________ ___________________________________________________________ than its own • A subset advertisement message is missed for some reason • The ________________________

  17. VTP Advertisement process • A switch receives a summary advertisement. • _______________________ to its own domain name. • If name is different, the switch ignores the packet. • If the name is the same, the switch _________ _______________ to its own revision number. • It’s own number ___________________ the packet. • It’s __________________, sends an ________________________________

  18. VTP _________ Advertisement • Contains _______________________ • Several subset ads may be needed if there is a lot of information. • ____________________________________ or after: • _________________________ • Suspending or activating a VLAN • __________________________ • Changing the MTU of a VLAN

  19. Subset Advertisement Fields

  20. Subset Ad VLAN info field

  21. Pros and cons • _____ network – ______________ with VTP. • ______ network – good for consistency and ___________________________ • ___________ switches need lots of _______________, clients do not. • Redundancy – don’t have everything on one server switch. • Extreme care when _________________

  22. VTP pruning • ______________________ • Enable it on _______________ in domain. • Stops VLAN traffic from being sent on links that _______________________________ • _______________ that are _________________ on the remote switch • Cuts down on traffic on trunk links. • Enabled using the vtp pruning global configuration command

  23. VTP Configuration Guidelines Summary • Curriculum goes into more detail- these are good guidelines to know…

  24. Domain names and passwords • Configure a domain name on the ______________________________ • The other switches will ________________ • If you configure domain name on other switches, check that it is exactly the same as domain names are case sensitive. • If you use a _______________ then it must be ______________________________

  25. Versions • VTP _____________ is used by _______ on Catalyst switches, but they can use version 2. • If you configure version 2 on one switch then the other switches should learn the new version and change to it. • If a switch is _____________ of running version 2 then it will ___________________ ______________________________

  26. Configure VTP Highlights… • Configure VTP with a _________________ _________________________________ • Existing VLANs are removed when you start to configure VTP. • Check that links are ____________________ • Configure client switches to ____________

  27. Commands on server • SW1(config)#vtp domain cisco1 • SW1(config)#vtp password cisco (Password is optional) Server mode is default, but if it was changed: • SW1(config)#vtp mode server Version 1 is default, but command is: • SW1(config)#vtp version 1

  28. Commands on server • Create VLANs- as shown in chapter 3 • Check that link is a trunk. • Check VTP operation • SW1# show vtp status • Assign switch ports to VLANs.

  29. Client configuration • SW2(config)#vtp mode client • Check that link is a trunk. • Check VTP operation • SW2# show vtp status • Assign switch ports to VLANs -as shown in chapter 3

  30. Things to check when troubleshooting VTP configs • ______________. It needs to be _____________ on all switches in the domain. • _________________. Is it exactly _____________ on all switches? • __________________ if any. Is it exactly ________ on all switches? • Check that there is at ______________________. Better to have two. • If you recently added a new switch, has its revision number been set to 0?

  31. VTP A lot of this chapter material is summarized in this flash http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/473/vtp_flash/

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