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The lymphatic system

The lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system, comprising a network of conduits called lymphatic vessels. This system includes all structures dedicated to the production and circulation of lymphocytes, which are the main players in our immune system.

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The lymphatic system

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  1. The lymphatic system The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system, comprising a network of conduits called lymphatic vessels. This system includes all structures dedicated to the production and circulation of lymphocytes, which are the main players in our immune system. The most important lymphocytes are the B-Cells (antibody production) and T-Cells (allocative functions, and destruction of damaged tissue). These grow in the bone marrow and the thymus. They are very prevalent in the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, mucous membranes and the digestive system as well as in the lungs. http://thoracicduct.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Lymphatic-System.gif

  2. The lymphatic system • Capillaries • Lymphoid follicles • Lymph nodes • Lymphatic vessels and ducts • Cisterna Chyli • Left and right subclavian vein

  3. The Lymphatic system • Function: • Removal of interstitial fluid • Absorbs and transports fatty acids and fats as chyle from the digestive system • Transports white blood cells to and from the lymph nodes to the bones • Transports antigen-presenting cells to the nodes where an immune response is stimulated

  4. Layout: Lymphaticvessels

  5. Impurities • Metabolicproducts • Interstitial Fluid • Lymph capillaries

  6. TheLymph • The name derives from the Roman deity of fresh water, Lympha • It is the link between the interstitial fluid and the blood plasma • It has a pH of 7,41 and density of 1,14gr/cm3 • Approx. 2,4 litres a day are reabsorbed into the venous system • Contents: white blood cells, protein, fibrinogen, enzymes, • lymphocytes • Fats (triglycerdes) from the digestive system called chyle are also • released into the lymph • Pathogens can be absorbed into the lymph however these are • normally dealt with by the lymphocytes in the lymph nodes

  7. ThroughtheLymphnodesintotheLymphatictrunks, throughthevenousanglesintothebloodsystem • Lymphnode–filterandprotector • PrecollectorsCollectorsBundle of collectors • Capillaries

  8. Lymph nodes and lymphatic watersheds Lymphnodes Watersheds

  9. Movement, muscle pump Driving forces of the lymphatic system • Colloid osmotic pressure • Intactlymphaticsystem

  10. Lymphatic Applications Intact lymphatic system Interrupted lymphatic system Post OP Post traumata Haematoma Lymphoma Insufficiencies Pregnancy Grazes Scarsandfibrosis Oncology (removal of lymph nodes) Amputation Post OP

  11. Categorisation of oedema treatments Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 • Lymphedema • Venous oedema • Lipoedema • Orthostatic oedema • Idiopathic oedema • Oedemas induced by • diuretics • Oedemas post trauma • Vaso-vegetative • Oedema • Oedema through inactivity • ischaemic induced oedema • Chronic inflammatory oedema • Oedema through kidney failure • Cardiac induced oedema • Acute allergic oedema • Toxic oedema • Endocrine oedema • Medication induced oedema • Diet induced oedema • Angioedema • Altitude oedema Physikalische Ödemtherapie ist die einzige oder eine wesentliche Therapie. Physikalische Ödemtherapie kommt nur dann zum Einsatz, wenn eine Basistherapie, meist medikamentöser Art, nicht ausreichend wirkt. • Pathological pregnancy • induced oedema • Oedemas caused by • protein deficiencies Physikalische Ödemtherapie ist grundsätzlich nicht indiziert.

  12. Categorisations of Oedemas • rich in protein • low in protein • generalised • localised • Reduced indentation • Increased indentation • Allways symmetrical • Can be one-sided only K-Active Taping • Sonderkurs Lymphe- Fibrosen- und Narbentaping 12

  13. Contraindications • Open wounds • Erysipelas • Unclear status of tumours • Cardiac insufficiency • Thrombosis K-Active Taping • Sonderkurs Lymphe- Fibrosen- und Narbentaping 13

  14. Goals and effect of the lymphatic taping • Goals: • Production of lymph • Increase lymph volume • Increase speed of lymphatic flow • Crossing over the watersheds • Support over and around scars • Effect: • Increased removal of interstitial fluid, substances and structural remains • Change pH-Levels • Reduction of swelling and tension within peripheral structures • Reduce activity of receptors

  15. Applicationprinciples • Prior to applying: • Skin must be dry and free of oils • Measure the tape in a stretched position • Rule out contraindications • Whilst applying: • Ensure patient is well supported • Area to be treated should be stretched • Apply tape with 0-10% stretch

  16. Applicationprincipleswhenlymphatic systemisintact • Base applied with direction of flow • Tape applied with 0-10% stretch • Stretch the skin and surrounding structures • Applicationprincipleswhenlymphatic • systemisnot intact • Base applied with direction of flow • Cross over the watersheds with the drainage effect towards the healthy area • Most of the time applied in combination with taping extremities • Tape applied with 0-10% stretch

  17. Lymphnodesofthe neck Indicationapplication neck

  18. Indication application: Post-Op Knee

  19. Indication application: Sprainedankle

  20. Indication application: Haematoma

  21. Indication application: Swellingandscars

  22. Lymphaticswelling

  23. Indication application: Leg

  24. KINESIOLOGISCHES TAPING VON K-ACTIVE – FÜHREND IN EUROPA Problems arising due to scars There is NOT SUFFICIENT Myofascial extension thus distortions can occur. Problems can then arise in the hip, in the shoulder or anywhere in between

  25. Scar testing - a variation

  26. Indication application: Scar taping

  27. Range of motion without and with the tape

  28. Indicationapplication: Breastaugmentation

  29. Indicationapplication for breastcancer: Scartaping

  30. Breastcancer: Lymphaticfans for crossingwatersheds

  31. Breastcancer: Lymphaticfans for crossingwatersheds

  32. Breastcancer: Lymphaticfans for crossingwatersheds

  33. Breastcancer: Lymphatictaping for theextremities

  34. Fibrosis Fibrosis is the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in a reparative or reactive process. This is opposed to formation of fibrous tissue as a normal constituent of an organ of tissue. Scarring is confluent fibrosis that obliterates the architecture of the underlying organ or tissue.

  35. Indicationapplication: Fibrosis

  36. Indicationapplication: Fibrosis

  37. Special variety: crossed fans Stability and increased lymphatic flow

  38. Special variety: crossed fans Stability and increased lymphatic flow

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