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communication SYSTEMS FUNDAMENTALS

communication SYSTEMS FUNDAMENTALS. Presented By Dr. Amjad Ali. Lecture Objectives. Introduction to Telecommunication Evolution of Telecommunication technology Telecomm Indicators of the L ast Decade (2003-2013)—In Pakistan Present Telecommunications Services

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communication SYSTEMS FUNDAMENTALS

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  1. communication SYSTEMS FUNDAMENTALS Presented By Dr. Amjad Ali

  2. Lecture Objectives • Introduction to Telecommunication • Evolution of Telecommunication technology • Telecomm Indicators of the Last Decade (2003-2013)—In Pakistan • Present Telecommunications Services • Future of Telecomm Industry • Future Technologies in Core Networks • Future Technologies in Fixed Line/Wire line/Optical Fiber • Future Technologies in Wireless Communication( 3G/4G)

  3. Communication ? • the activity of conveyinginformation through the exchange of thoughts, messages, by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior.

  4. Communication ? • the meaningful exchange of information between two or more living creatures.

  5. Tele-Communication ? • communication at a distance by technological means, particularly through electrical signals or electromagnetic waves.

  6. Evolution of Telecommunication Technology • Today’s telecommunication technologies have evolved from the earliest Drumming/smoke signals to almost instant global transmission of large amounts of data.

  7. Drumming/Smoke Signal Communication • Simple messaging systems used to send basic transmissions over long distances. • The one drawback of using such technique is that the enemy could also hear/see it.

  8. Drumming/Smoke Signal Communication • The meaning of the message was predetermined and only known to the sender and receiver of the signal. • A tribe might send a message that the enemy was near or that sickness had fallen over the camp. • They would also commonly use the signals to announce the outcome of battle or to call for reinforcements.

  9. Early Signaling and Telegraphy • Semaphore - a type of signaling, in which visual cues represent letters or words.

  10. Early Signaling and Telegraphy • Morse code - In 1837, Samuel Morse invented the telegraph, which consisted of an electromagnet and a hand-operated switch, known as a key, to alternately open or close an electrical circuit over a wire. What he transmitted was a series of short and long pulses (dots and dashes) that represented characters, known as Morse code.

  11. Telephony In 1874 Alexander Graham Bell conceived the idea of the Telephony and devised the telephone exchange, to connect multiple subscribers, where subscriber lines terminated and operators connected the circuits to complete a call.

  12. Telecomm Indicators of the Last Decade (2003-2013)—In Pakistan • Fixed Local Loop Tele-density • Cellular Mobile Tele-density • Wireless Local Loop Tele-density • Total Tele-density • Telecom Revenues

  13. Background: the road to subscriber growth Mobile Cellular Policy - 2004 Deregulation Policy – July ‘03 • Decision to convert erstwhile T&T to corporation (PTC) • Award of licenses to 2 Cellular Mobile operators • Conversion of PTC into PTCL, creation of government operator NTC, Regulator PTA, Frequency Allocation Board (FAB) • Approval of Cellular Mobile Policy • Issuance of licenses to 2 new Cellular Mobile, 12 LDI, and more than 76 LL operators through open auction • Granting of another GSM based Cellular Mobile license • PTCL exclusivity for fixed line telecom sector terminated • Privatization of PTCL through selling of 26% strategic shares to Etisalat ‘90 ‘92 ‘98 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 • Licenses granted to two new subsidiaries of PTCL namely PTML (4th Cellular Mobile Operator) and Paknet (ISP) • PTCL privatization process restarted

  14. Annual Fixed Local Loop Tele-density (%) • Year Fixed Line Density • 2003-04 3 • 2004-05 3.43 • 2005-06 3.37 • 2006-07 3.04 • 2007-08 2.7 • 2008-09 2.2 • 2009-10 2.16 • 2010-11 1.9 • 2011-12 1.7 • 2012-13 1.6 • 13-Jul 1.6 • 13-Aug 1.6 • 13-Sep 1.6

  15. Annual Cellular Mobile Tele-density (%) • Year Mobile Density • 2003-04 3.29 • 2004-05 8.3 • 2005-06 22.21 • 2006-07 39.94 • 2007-08 54.6 • 2008-09 58.2 • 2009-10 60.4 • 2010-11 64.8 • 2011-12 68.5 • 2012-13 72.07 • 13-Jul 71.78 • 13-Aug 72.11 • 13-Sep 72.27

  16. Annual Wireless Local Loop Tele-density (%) • Year WLL Density • 2003-04 - • 2004-05 0.17 • 2005-06 0.66 • 2006-07 1.08 • 2007-08 1.4 • 2008-09 1.6 • 2009-10 1.6 • 2010-11 1.7 • 2011-12 1.8 • 2012-13 1.9 • 13-Jul 1.9 • 13-Aug 1.9 • 13-Sep 1.9

  17. Total Tele-density (%) (Fixed + WLL + Mobile) • Years Tele-density • 2002-03 4.31 • 2003-04 6.25 • 2004-05 11.89 • 2005-06 26.26 • 2006-07 44.06 • 2007-08 58.9 • 2008-09 62 • 2009-10 64.1 • 2010-11 68.4 • 2011-12 72 • 2012-13 75.57 • 13-Jul 75.28 • 13-Aug 75.61 • 13-Sep 75.77

  18. Telecom Revenues

  19. Present Telecommunications Services

  20. 1- Wireline Services • 2- Wireless Services

  21. 1- Wireline Services

  22. (a) Landline/Fixed Phone • Customer can avail: in addition to basic voice service • A. Conference call • B. Call me back • C. Kehdo SMS • D. Call Forwarding • E. Time check • F. Call diverting • G. Song Dedication

  23. (b) Broadband • Broadband is internet connectivity at high speed and without having to dial the ISP number. • This results in very fast download of information from the internet as soon as you switch on your computer. • At least 10 to 20 times higher than dial up service! • Cost effective • High speed data download • Always-on Internet access

  24. PTCL Broadband is the largest and the fastest growing Broadband service in Pakistan.  • Since its launch on 19th May 2007, PTCL has acquired over 1 million Broadband customers in over  2000 cities and towns across Pakistan.

  25. (c) Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) • is a system through which television services are delivered using the Internet protocol suite over a packet-switched network such as the Internet, instead of being delivered through traditional terrestrial, satellite signal, and cable television formats. • IPTV services may be classified into three main groups: • live television, with or without interactivity related to the current TV show; • time-shifted television: catch-up TV (replays a TV show that was broadcast hours or days ago), start-over TV (replays the current TV show from its beginning); • video on demand (VOD): browse a catalog of videos, not related to TV programming.

  26. PTCL SMART TV •  Using its state of the art Broadband network, • PTCL entered the media sector on 14th August 2008, by launching a digital interactive television service for the first time in Pakistan. • Employing the IPTV (Internet Protocol TV) technology, PTCL brought Pakistan in the list of a few countries across the globe that offer this state of the art interactive TV service to its subscribers.

  27. PTCL Smart Line • Branded under ‘PTCL Smart Line’, • the service includes Interactive Television, Broadband and voice telephony all at the same time on PTCL’s telephone line. • Besides offering the highest digital quality TV picture, the most revolutionary section of this offering is • the ability to ‘rewind’ and ‘pause’ live TV channels through TSTV ( Time Shift Television) feature, • the ability to block / unblock any TV channel for parental lock and • the ability to search through video on demand content. • Currently PTCL Smart TV offers its viewers 140 live channels and over  500 Movie titles through its Video on Demand service’. • The service is available in 50 cities.

  28. 2- Wireless Services

  29. (a) Vfone • Vfoneis the country’s largest WLL network over the mountains and across the plains; in deserts and through cities,. • Use CDMA2000 1X technology, • The network is enable for Voice, Dialup-Internet access (153.6kbps) and EVO Broadband.

  30. Wireless broadband • PTCL and World Call provide wireless broadband using the Evolution-Data only/Optimized (EV-DO) Rev. A (Revised A) standard, with speeds of up to 3.1 Mbit/s. • PTCL provides its service under the brand name EVO which is available in more than 100 cities.

  31. (b) EVO 3G 3.1 • “PTCL EVO 3G Wireless Broadband—Your world now in your hands” • Three simple steps to High speed On-the-Go connectivity, • Just Plug in—Click & Connect • experience high speed on the go internet connectivity with the country’s largest and the fastest growing 3G network;

  32. EVO 3G Nitro 9.3 • In 2010 PTCL introduced Evo3G Nitro in Pakistan; “The World’s first & most cutting edge EV-DO Rev.B commercial network”. • PTCL is the first operator in the world to commercially launch EV-DO Rev.B products which offer blazing fast speeds of up to 9.3 MBPS in over 200 cities. • PTCL Claims: Whether it is streaming High Definition video or music, conducting a video conference while simultaneously browsing the Internet or uploading multimedia content, in the Nitro Universe everything happens at the speed of light

  33. Other Operators: • Wateen Telecom launched its WiMAX services in Pakistan in 2007. • Connections are available at speeds from 256 kbit/s to 9.8 Mbit/s. Wi-Tribe and Mobilink are also offering WiMAX, as is Augere under the brand name Qubee

  34. Cellular/MOBILE Communication

  35. Evolution to cellular networks – communication anytime, anywhere • radio communication was invented by Nokola Tesla and Guglielmo Marconi: in 1893, Nikola Tesla made the first public demonstration of wireless (radio) telegraphy; Guglielmo Marconi conducted long ditance (over see) telegraphy 1897 • in 1940 the first walkie-talkie was used by the US military • AT&T introduced commercial radio comm.: car phone – two way radio link to the local phone network • in 1979 the first commercial cellular phone service was launched by the Nordic Mobile Telephone (in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark).

  36. Cellular systems generations • 1G (first generation) – voice-oriented systems based on analog technology; ex.: Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS) and cordless systems • 2G (second generation) - voice-oriented systems based on digital technology; more efficient and used less spectrum than 1G; ex.: Global System for Mobile (GSM) and US Time Division Multiple Access (US-TDMA) • 3G (third generation) – high-speed voice-oriented systems integrated with data services; ex.: General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) • 4G (fourth generation) –based on Internet protocol networks and will provide voice, data and multimedia service to subscribers

  37. Can You Solve this Puzzle?

  38. Network Cells • the entire network coverage area is divided into cells based on the principle of frequency reuse • a cell = basic geographical unit of a cellular network; is the area around an antenna where a specific frequency range is used; is represented graphically as a hexagonal shape, but in reality it is irregular in shape • when a subscriber moves to another cell, the antenna of the new cell takes over the signal transmission • a cluster is a group of adiacent cells, usually 7 cells; no frequency reuse is done within a cluster • the frequency spectrum is divided into subbands and each subband is used within one cell of the cluster • in heavy traffic zones cells are smaller, while in isolated zones cells are larger

  39. Network cells (2)

  40. Other cellular concepts • handover = moving a call from one zone (from the transmitter-receiver from one zone) to another zone due to subscriber’s mobility • roaming = allowing the subscriber to send/receive calls outside the service provider’s coverage area

  41. Cellular services • voice communication • Short Messaging Service (SMS) • Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) • Global Positioning System (GPS) • Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) – to access the Internet

  42. Cellular Mobile Operators in Pakistan • In Pakistan, currently five cellular mobile operators • i.e. Telenor Pakistan, Pakistan Mobile Communication Limited (PMCL/Mobilink), PTML (Ufone), WaridTelecom and China Mobile Pakistan (CMPak/Zong) • are providing services using GSM technology whereas the sixth operator i.e. Instaphone was providing CDMA services had its license cancelled in 2011. • All the GSM operators have also launched GPRS/EDGE services. • In the core network, some operators have deployed and some are in advanced stage of deployment of NGN network. • As a result of progressive network rollout by the operators, the facilities are now available to over 95 % population of the country. • According to the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA), Mobilink continues to lead the market with 35.7 million subscribers, followed by Telenor with 29.3 million, Ufone with 23.1 million,Zong with 15.6 million, and Warid Telecom with 14.3 million.

  43. Future of Telecomm Industry

  44. Challenges and opportunities in Future

  45. Challenge 1: Extremely high traffic

  46. Challenge 2: Extremely variable traffic Challenge 1: Extremely high traffic

  47. Challenge 2: Extremely variable traffic Challenge 1: Extremely high traffic

  48. Challenge 2: Extremely variable traffic Challenge 1: Extremely high traffic Challenge 3: Nobody wants to pay for it!

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