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Relevant Social-Psychological Theory

Relevant Social-Psychological Theory. Claire Dickinson - Newcastle University Martin Hind - Bournemouth University. Social Psychology Theory. Contact Hypothesis Allport (1954) Hewstone and Brown (1986) Social identity Theory Tajfel (1974) Turner (1979; 1999). Contact Hypothesis.

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Relevant Social-Psychological Theory

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  1. Relevant Social-Psychological Theory Claire Dickinson - Newcastle University Martin Hind - Bournemouth University

  2. Social Psychology Theory • Contact Hypothesis • Allport (1954) • Hewstone and Brown (1986) • Social identity Theory • Tajfel (1974) • Turner (1979; 1999)

  3. Contact Hypothesis • Allport (1954) influential policy recommendations • ‘reduce hostility’ – ‘bring groups together’ but not enough • Application • Catholics and protestants in Northern ireland • Arabs and Jews in Palestine

  4. Conditions • Original (Allport,1954) • Equal status • Common goal/s • Support of authorities • Co-operation • Additional (Hewstone and Brown, 1986) • Positive expectations • Successful joint work • Concern for similarities and differences • Perception of typicality

  5. Attitude change • 3 cognitive processes proposed: • Social categorisation • Cognitive dissonance • Emotions (e.g. anxiety, attraction)

  6. Modifications to the CH • 3 modifications • Decategorisation model • Common ingroup identity model • Salient category model • Complementary not exclusive (Hewstone et al., 2002)

  7. Generalisation • Link in here to social identity theory and pass on to Martin • Yes we need a nice neat linking slide (can discuss later)

  8. Social Identity • Social identity and self- categorisation theory developed by Tajfel (1974) and Turner (1979; 1999) • These interrelated theories are characterised by their theoretical richness and complexity when compared to the contact hypothesis (Ellemers et al 1999)

  9. Social identity and self categorisation theory • Focuses on group and intergroup processes • Self is conceptualised as a collection of identities; social identity theory focuses on the social aspects of identity • These social identities shape intergroup perceptions, attitudes and behaviour

  10. Core components • Categorization • Identification • Comparison

  11. Categorization • Categorization involves assigning objects to groups to understand them • for example, social categories such as student, teacher, nurse, doctor, black, white • this process is responsible for stereotypical behaviour

  12. Identification • People identify with the groups they belong to • self-concept involves both the personal self identity(ie. I) and the collective identity (ie. we) • social identification is concerned with the collective identity (ie. us ‘teachers’ or those ‘students’)

  13. Comparison • Through comparison we seek to maintain a positive self-concept; this works in two ways; • We view groups we belong to in a positive light • We view related out-groups in a more negative light • these processes create inter-group differentiation

  14. Conclusion • The Contact Hypothesis and Social Identity Theory offer a useful theoretical perspective from which to study Interprofessional attitudes and behaviour in health care • Application of these theories will be considered in Seminar 2

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