Introduction to Ancient Civilizations: Mesopotamia and Egypt

1. Please come in, sit down and begin reading. There is not talking!!!!

2. Warm-up and Planner Aug.12th Planner Warm-up Look up Ch. 10 Sect. 1 vocab. Write a sentence using each word. ** You DO NOT have to write the definition of each word, just use it in a sentence. • CW: Chapter 10 section 1 Notes • CW: Ancient Egyptian Pyramids • Reminder: States Map Test Friday, Aug: 14th Chapter 10 section 1 quiz Monday, Aug. 17th Chapter 10 Test Wednesday Aug. 19th

4. Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt Chapter 10 Birthplace of Civilization

5. King Tut

6. Civilization – a highly developed culture • Egypt and Mesopotamia – earliest known civilizations • Egypt in North Africa • Mesopotamia in Southwest Asia

9. Mesopotamia – “between the rivers” • Located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers • Started: • Using a 12-month calendar • Predicting the floods • Used the plow • Irrigation system

10. City-State – a city and the farmland around it • Sumer – location of the earliest known city-state • Invented: • The wheel • The sailboat

11. Religion • Polytheism – worship of many gods or goddesses • Ziggurat – large tower that led to a temple where the priests lived

12. Government • Theocracy – government controlled by religious leaders (right to rule from the gods)

13. Writing Skills • First to keep lists and written records • Cuneiform – wedge like symbols in clay tablets • Schools called “tablet houses” • Only the wealthy could go to school • Wrote 1st known story – “Epic of Gilgamesh” (similar to Noah’s Ark)

15. Akkad and Babylon • 2300 B.C. – Akkad conquered Sumer and created the first empire • Empire – groups of states under one ruler • Babylon eventually conquered Akkad

16. Hammurabi – greatest ruler of Babylon • Created number system based on 60 • An hour • Minute • Circle • Hammurabi’s Code – an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth

19. Hanging Gardens of Babylon

20. EGYPT • “Gift of the Nile”

21. Unification • King Narmer united Upper and Lower Eqypt in 3100 B.C.

22. Pharaoh – “great house” • An Egyptian ruler is called a pharaoh. • They believed in theocracy (religion). What does that mean? • They believed the pharaoh was a GOD. • Considered the center of Egyptian life.

25. Egyptian Religion • Theocracy – gods based on nature • Re – sun god • Hapi- river god • Horus – sky god • Osirus – harvest and eternal life god

27. Life After Death? • Said that the soul could not exist without the body • After death, Egyptians were: • Embalmed • Organs removed • Slowly dry the body • Wrapped in long strips of ribbon

29. Pyramids • Massive tombs for the bodies of pharaohs • Statues also used to remember the great pharaohs (Sphinx)

30. What kind of writing did they use? • Hieroglyphics

31. Put writing on monuments of papyrus (plant from the Nile)

32. Medicine • First to use splints, bandages, compresses, stitching wounds, and setting bones.

33. Downfall? • Conquered by Greece and Rome

34. Classwork • Using the diagram on page 317, create a pyramid. • On the pyramid use pictures and only pictures to describe how you would want to be remembered. *Remember: it will be easier to draw on your pyramids before you glue them together. *use construction paper and colors; we will hang these from the ceiling after you are finished!!