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국제 Working Group 활동 보고 (Detector)

국제 Working Group 활동 보고 (Detector). Reported by Il H. Park (Ewha) Based on summary talks of LCWS05. Brief Report on LCWS05 at SLAC ILC Detector concept Variety of Trackers, Calorimeters, Muons Beam tests and Organization. Korean ILC meeting, 건국대학교 , 2005 년 4 월 1 일.

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국제 Working Group 활동 보고 (Detector)

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  1. 국제 Working Group 활동 보고(Detector) Reported by Il H. Park (Ewha) Based on summary talks of LCWS05 • Brief Report on LCWS05 at SLAC • ILC Detector concept • Variety of Trackers, Calorimeters, Muons • Beam tests and Organization Korean ILC meeting, 건국대학교, 2005년4월1일

  2. Brief Report from LCWS05 • Please refer to our presentations at LCWS05 and summary talks on detector concepts, tracker, and calorimeter/muon (see the program who presented what) • Three detector groups are organized: SiD, LDC, GLD • Korean Involved Area and technology: Silicon tracker, Silicon Calorimeter, Scintillator Calorimeter • Korean activity(R&D on a tracker and calormeters, beam tests of Silicon calorimeter prototype) is now exposed largely to the ILC community, particularly Korean silicon experience draws a serious attention at LCWS05 • At this workshop, we agree on joint activity of Korean Silicon Calorimeter with CALICE group and possibly with SiD in parallel as well. Foresee a substantial progress from such collaborative works this year

  3. Physics H Branching Ratios Inclusive Higgs: Z Recoil mass Smuon pair-production

  4. Basic design concept • Performance goal (common to all det. concepts) • Vertex Detector: • Tracking: • Jet energy res.:  Detector optimized for Particle Flow Algorithm (PFA)

  5. Tracker • Momentum resolution set by recoil mass analysis of • reconstruction and long-lived new particles (GMSB SUSY) • Multiple scattering effects • Forward tracking • Measurement of Ecm, differential luminosity and polarization using physics events Recoil Mass (GeV)

  6. Separate hadronically decaying W’s from Z’s in reactions where kinematic fits won’t work: Help solve combinatoric problem in reactions with 4 or more jets Calorimeter sE/E = 0.6/ÖE sE/E = 0.3/ÖE

  7. Three Detector Concepts SiD LDC GLD

  8. Comparison of parameters

  9. “Window for Detector R&D 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 GDE (Design) 　(Construction) Technology Choice Acc. CDR TDR Start Global Lab. Detector Outline Documents CDRs LOIs Det. Done! Detector R&D Panel Collaboration Forming R&D Phase Detector 　Construction Tevatron SLAC B HERA LHC T2K

  10. Review Tracking and VertexingJan Timmermans - NIKHEF • 32 presentations in total: • 12 vertex detector related • 10 on SI tracking • 10 on TPC R&D

  11. Vertex Detector • pixels ~ 20 x 20 μm2 • point resolution ~3 μm • material <0.1% X0 • 1st layer at ~1.5 cm • To keep occupancy below 1%: • readout ~20 times during bunch train or store signals • OR make pixels smaller ( FPCCD 5 x 5 μm2 ) • Many variants: CPCCD, FPCCD, DEPFET, MAPS, FAPS, SoI, ISIS • New at LCWS05: • (revolver)ISIS • Add time stamping (Baltay, Bashindzhagyan)

  12. Vertex Detector Options Y.Sugimoto - KEK • FPCCD • Accumulate hit signals for one train and read out between trains • Keep low pixel occupancy by increasing number of pixels by x20 with respect to “standard” pixel detector • As a result, pixel size should be as small as ~5x5mm2 • Epitaxial layer has to be fully depleted to minimize charge spread by diffusion • Operation at low temperature to keep dark current negligible (r.o. cycle=200ms) Tracking efficiency under beam background is critical issue; simulation needed.

  13. + - - - - - - - + - + + - MIP source top gate clear bulk drain n+ p+ p+ n+ n+ p n internal gate 50 µm - n p+ back contact DEPFET (M. Trimpl) – Bonn, Mannheim, MPI • small pixels 20-30µm • radiation tolerance (>200krad) • low noise • thin devices (50µm) S/N = 40 • low power (row-wise operation) • fast readout (cold machine), 50MHz line rate • zero suppressed data charge collection in fully depleted substrate • FET transistor in every pixel (first amplification) • Electrons collected at internal gate modulate the transistor current. Signal charge removed via CLEAR • No charge transfer • Low power consumption: ~5W for full VXD

  14. Flexible APS 1 A FAPS Memory Cell #0 Column Output Memory Cell #1 RST_W SEL Memory Cell #9 Ibias Write amplifier J. Velthuis – UK MAPS • FAPS=Flexible APS • Every pixel has 10 deep pipeline • Designed for TESLA proposal. • Quick sampling during bunch train and readout in long period between bunch trains • S/N between 14.7 and 17.0

  15. Monolithic CMOS Pixel Detectors C. Baltay Big Pixels 50µ x 50µ Small Pixels 5µx 5µ After selecting hits in same bunch: occupancy ~10-6 Two active particle sensitive layers: Big Pixels – High Speed Array – Hit trigger, time of hit Small Pixels – High Resolution Array – Precise x,y position, intensity

  16. Principle of SOI monolithic detector A. Bulgheroni - Como Integration of the pixel detector and readout electronics in a wafer-bonded SOI substrate Detector handle wafer • High resistive (> 4 kcm,FZ) • 400 m thick • Conventional p+-n Electronics active layer • Low resistive (9-13 cm, CZ) • 1.5 m thick • Standard CMOS technology Connection between pixel and readout channel

  17. Si Tracking T.Nelson

  18. Silicon Tracking System with a centralgaseous detectorThe Silicon Envelope concept = ensemble of Si-trackers surrounding the TPC (LC-DET-2003-013) The Si-FCH: TPC to calorimetry (SVX,FTD,(TPC),SiFCH) The FTD: Microvertex to SiFCH The SIT: Microvertex to TPC The SET: TPC to calorimetry (SVX, SIT, (TPC), SET) TPC Microvertex A. Savoy-Navarro

  19. Development of Double-sided Silicon Strip Detector • Introduction • Electrical Test • Source Test • Radiation Damage Test • Summary and Future Plan H. Park (BAERI, KNU) On behalf of Korean Silicon Group • Fabrication “in house” • 5” wafers

  20. Digital Active Pixel Array G.Bashindzhagyan N.Sinev LCWS 2005 G.Bashindzhagyan 25x25 μm2 pixels DAP Strip 1 DAP Strip 2 Position memory Time memory Position memory Time memory Position memory Time memory Position memory Time memory Position memory Time memory Position memory Time memory

  21. TPC R&D • Gas amplification: GEM, Micromegas; compare with wires • Different gases: Ar-CH4(5%)-CO2(2%) ‘TDR’ • Ar-CH4(5%,10%) P5, P10 • Ar-iC4H10(5%) Isobutane • Ar-CF4(2-10%) CF4 • He-iC4H10(20%) Helium • Laser studies • Field cage optimisation • Mapping a large parameter space

  22. Victoria Aachen DESY MPI/Asia Cornell/ Purdue

  23. Calorimetry and Muons Summary Talk Andy White University of Texas at Arlington LCWS05, SLAC March 22, 2005

  24. Physics examples driving calorimeter design • All of these critical physics studies demand: •  Efficient jet separation and reconstruction •  Excellent jet energy resolution •  Excellent jet-jet mass resolution • + jet flavor tagging • Plus… We need very good forward calorimetry for e.g. SUSY selectron studies, • and… ability to find/reconstruct photons from secondary vertices e.g. from long-lived NLSP -> G

  25. Large Detector Detectors with large inner calorimeter radius GLD

  26. Compact detector SiD

  27. How big ?? • Area of EM CAL (Barrel + Endcap) • SD: ~40 m2 / layer • TESLA: ~80 m2 / layer • LD: ~ 100 m2 / layer • (JLC: ~130 m2 / layer) Very large number of channels for ~0.5x0.5cm2 cell size!

  28. Can we use a “traditional” approach to calorimetry? (using only energy measurements based on the calorimeter systems) 30%/E 60%/E Target region for jet energy resolution H. Videau

  29. Results from “traditional” calorimeter systems • Equalized EM and HAD responses (“compensation”) • Optimized sampling fractions • EXAMPLES: • ZEUS - Uranium/Scintillator • Single hadrons 35%/E  1% • Electrons 17%/E  1% • Jets 50%/E • D0 – Uranium/Liquid Argon • Single hadrons 50%/E  4% • Jets 80%/E • Clearly a significant improvement is needed for LC.

  30. Don’t underestimate the complexity!

  31. Integrated Detector Design Muon system/ tail catcher VXD tag b,c jets Tracking system HAD Cal EM Cal

  32. Integrated Detector Design So now we must consider the detector as a whole. The tracker not only provides excellent momentum resolution (certainly good enough for replacing cluster energies in the calorimeter with track momenta), but also must: - efficiently find all the charged tracks: Any missed charged tracks will result in the corresponding energy clusters in the calorimeter being measured with lower energy resolution and a potentially larger confusion term.

  33. Integrated Detector Design • provide excellent two track resolution for correct track/energy cluster association • > tracker outer radius/magnetic field size – implications for e.m. shower separation/Moliere radius in ECal. • Different technologies for the ECal and HCal ?? • - do we lose by not having the same technology? • - compensation – is the need for this completely overcome by using the energy flow approach?

  34. Calorimeter System Design  Identify and measure each jet energy component as well as possible Following charged particles through calorimeter demands high granularity… Two options explored in detail: (1) Analog ECal + Analog HCal - for HCal: cost of system for required granularity? (2) Analog ECal + Digital HCal - high granularity suggests a digital HCal solution - resolution (for residual neutral energy) of a purely digital calorimeter??

  35. Calorimeter Technologies Electromagnetic Calorimeter Physics requirements emphasize segmentation/granularity (transverse AND longitudinal) over intrinsic energy resolution. Localization of e.m. showers and e.m./hadron separation -> dense (small X0) ECal with fine segmentation. Moliere radius -> O(1 cm.) Transverse segmentation  Moliere radius Charged/e.m. separation -> fine transverse segmentation (first layers of ECal). Tracking charged particles through ECal -> fine longitudinal segmentation and high MIP efficiency. Excellent photon direction determination (e.g. GMSB) Keep the cost (Si) under control!

  36. CALICE – Si/W Electromagnetic Calorimeter Wafers: Russia/MSU and Prague PCB: LAL design, production – Korea/KNU New design for ECal active gap -> 40% reduction to 1.75m, Rm = 1.4cm Evolution of FE chip: FLC_PHY3 -> FLC_PHY4 -> FLC_TECH1

  37. ECal work in Asia Si/W ECal prototype from Korea Rt= a layer / tungsten = 15.0/3.5 = 4.8 (CALICE ~ 2) Eff. Rm = 9mm * (1 + Rt) = 52mm Total 20 layers = 20 X0, 30cm thick 19 layers of shower sampling Results from CERN beam tests 2004: 29%/E (vs. 18%/E for GEANT4) S/N = 5.2 Fit curve of 29%/√E

  38. ECal work in Asia (Japan-Korea-Russia) Laser hitting area (9 pixels) Fine granularity Pb-Scintillator with strips/small tiles and SiPM Previous Pb/Scint module with MAPMT readout Study covering New GLD ECal design ECal test at DESY in 2006? YAG - 2m precision

  39. Scintillator/W – U. Colorado Half-cell tile offset geometry Electronics development is being pursued with industry

  40. =2.45 mm =2.16 mm e- Hybrid Ecal – Scintillator/W with Si layers – LC-CAL (INFN) • 45 layers • 25 × 25 × 0.3 cm3 Pb • 25 × 25 × 0.3 cm3 Scint.: 25 cells 5 × 5 cm2 • 3 planes:252 .9 × .9 cm2 Si Pads at: 2, 6, 12 X0 Low energy data (BTF) confirmed at high energy !!! 11.1%E =3.27 mm • The LCcal prototype has been built and fully tested. • Energy and position resolution as expected: • E/E ~11.-11.5% /E, pos~2 mm (@ 30 GeV) • Light uniformity acceptable. • e/ rejection very good ( <10-3) Si L3 Si L2 Si L1

  41. Hadron Calorimeter – CALICE/analog Minical – results from electron test beam SiPM Full 1m3 prototype stack – with SiPM readout. Goal is for Fermilab test beam exposure in Spring 2006 • APD chips from Silicon Sensor used • AD 1100-8, Ø 1.1 mm, Ubias~ 160 V APD

  42. Hadron Calorimeter – CALICE/digital (1) Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) – based DHCAL 500 channel/5-layer test mid -’05 30x30cm2 foils Recent results: efficiency measurements confirm simulation results, 95% for 40mV threshold. Multiplicity 1.27 for 95% efficiency. Next: 1m x 30cm foil production in preparation for 1m3 stack assembly. Joint development of ASIC with RPC

  43. Muon Detector Technologies Scintillator-based muon system development U.S. Collaboration Extruded scintillator strips with wavelength shifting fibers. Readout: Multi-anode PMTs GOAL: 2.5m x 1.25m planes for Fermilab test beam

  44. Muon Detector Technologies European – CaPiRe Collaboration TB @ Frascati

  45. Tail Catcher / Muon Tracker – CALICE/NIU Extrusion Cassette SiPM location Goal: Test Beam Fermilab/2005

  46. Timescales for LC Calorimeter and Muon development We have maybe 3-5 years to build, test*, and understand, calorimeter and muon technologies for the Linear Collider. By “understand” I mean that the cycle of testing, data analysis, re-testing etc. should have converged to the point at which we can reliably design calorimeter and muon systems from a secure knowledge base. For the calorimeter, this means having trusted Monte Carlo simulations of technologies at unprecedented small distance scales (~1cm), well-understood energy cut-offs, and demonstrated, efficient, complete energy flow algorithms. Since the first modules are only now being built, 3-5 years is not an over-estimate to accomplish these tasks! * See talk by Jae Yu for Test Beam details

  47. From K.Kawagoe @ ACFA 07

  48. ILC Test Beam LCWS2005 at Stanford March 18 – 22, 2005 Jae Yu University of Texas at Arlington • Introduction • What has been happening? • Beam Test Timeline • World-wide TB Organization • Conclusions *On behalf of the HEP group at UTA.

  49. What has been happening? • Tremendous activities • Calorimeter related • CALICE ECAL electronics run at DESY together with Asian drift chambers • Korean SiW ECAL at CERN • Tracker TB’s • MDI and beam instrumentation related activities • Etc.. • A lot of groups are preparing for TB in the next couple of years

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