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REFORMS

REFORMS. Reform. Reformers (some members of the middle-class and aristocracy) began to realize how inhuman the factory system had become. They were FOR capitalism , but thought LAWS were needed to act on behalf of the workers and the factory owners. Positive Change.

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REFORMS

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  1. REFORMS

  2. Reform • Reformers (some members of the middle-class and aristocracy) began to realize how inhuman the factory system had become. • They were FORcapitalism, but thought LAWS were needed to act on behalf of the workers and the factory owners.

  3. Positive Change 1883 – British Parliament passed laws limiting hours of each workday, restricted children from working in factories , and required factory owners to make safer & cleaner working conditions • Labor Unions: formed to bargain for better working conditions, higher pay, and threatened strikes. • Factory owners came to the realization that healthy, happy, and somewhat well-paid employees meant a productive workforce

  4. Positive Change • The middle class became substantially bigger. • The standard of living increases and Public Education becomes more accessible. • Social Mobility – the ability for a person to work their way up from one social class to the next. • 1807 – Slave trade is abolished – no new slaves were transported (legally) from Africa, ownership of existing slaves continued • 1833 – Britain outlaws slavery all together.

  5. Lastly….. • Democracy began developing in Britainand the United Statesdue to enlightenmentideals. Both would eventually (after WWII) create mixed-economies. Meaning, they combined pure-capitalism with socialism. • InRussia, reform was non-existent with absolute rule. Marxist ideas grew popular among a small group of urban intellectuals, who would later lead a workers revolution and create a communiststate.

  6. Capitalism vs. CommunismDiscussion • Which is better? • Why? • How do you measure?

  7. Legislation & Reform • Early attempts to regulate factories were weak and ineffective • Unions were outlawed because they would interfere with the “natural order”

  8. Legislation & Reform • Child labor was only limited, not abolished • Kids in textile mills only were limited to 12 hour workdays. Those in mines, shipyards and factories worked more than 12 hours a day

  9. Legislation & Reform • Factory Acts of 1833, 1842 & 1847 • limited child labor • Prohibited children under 10 in the mines • Set the maximum number of working hours for women and children at 10.

  10. Labor Unions • Union: Organized workers that fight for better working conditions • Before unions, if a worker complained about conditions, would be replaced • Workers realize harder for factory to replace a larger group of workers, so formed unions. • Gradually, unions won: • Higher wages, shorter hours, and improved conditions

  11. Your Turn… • List one thing that unions accomplished

  12. QUESTIONS?

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