G reen A viation R esearch & D evelopment N etwork

1. Green Aviation Research & Development Network Hany Moustapha Directeur, Programme de technologies Pratt & Whitney Canada Executive Director, GARDN May 2009

2. OUTLINE • Road Map • Objectives • Research Themes • Governance • Projects • Growth

3. GARDN Technology & Funding Road Map

4. IATA Warning

5. ICAO Environmental Goals for Aviation

6. The Aviation Industry is Committed to Action on Climate Change

7. CAETRM – Committed Participants • Bombardier Aerospace • NRC - CNRC • Air Canada • OAC • AQA • Pratt & Whitney Canada • Bell Helicopter Textron Canada Inc. • Rolls-Royce Ltd. • CRIAQ • Standard Aero • Aero Montreal • Industry Canada • AIAC • Messier-Dowty • Transport Canada

8. Steering Committee (21 Members) Aircraft Systems and ATM (13) Airframe Concepts (10) Fuels and Lubricants (14) Thrust Teams Manufacturing and MRO (23) Materials and Coatings (15) Eco Design (6) Engine Concepts (13) Ground Operations (2) Rotary Wing A/C Concepts (4) Secretariat (4) CAETRM Structure

9. Airframe Concepts cost estimates not provided

10. Engine Concepts

11. GARDN Objectives • Fostering the development of technologies that will reduce aircraft noise and emissions in the vicinity of airports • Considering environmental impacts throughout the product life cycle • Investing in the talents of our universities and encouraging creativity in the development of aviation environmental technologies • Reducing the production of greenhouse gases by the aviation sector, and in so doing reducing the carbon footprint of the Canadian aviation sector

12. GARDN Eight Research Themes Emissions Noise Icing Aircraft Operations Performance Alternative Fuels Product Life Cycle Management Icing Materials & Manufacturing Processes

13. Noise Reduction Technologies: Geared Turbofan for Bombardier C-Series Munich International Airport Noise Footprints Simulated microphone location Simulated microphone location X X Today’s Aircraft Geared Turbofan Powered Airplane Source: Wyle Labs

14. Green Engine Technologies:Materials and Manufacturing Non-chlorinated solvents Cadmium plate alternative Lead-free antigallants Chromium plate alternative Non-chromium anodizing & conversion coatings New technologies partnered with Canadian industry and universities

15. Alternate Fuel Technologies Corn Sugar cane Switchgrass Ethanol Cellulose SyntheticJet Fuel BiodieselBio-Jet Butanol Methanol Willow Liquidmethane Others Microalgae

16. Compact Diffuser Heat Exchanger Talon 3+ Turbine shroud baffle New technologies P&WC-SDTC (2007-2011) Low Emission Demonstrator ($22M) • Objectives • 1. GHG & NOx reduction • 2. Demo focus: TRL6+ • Benefits • Lower SFC • Lower emission • Durability • Low cost • Weight reduction • Thermal management • Partners • NRC, Inco and UTIAS • UTRC and HS Demo Schematic using PW307

17. Sherbrooke Univ. and P&WC-BA-Bell Acoustics NSERC Chair (2009-2013, $3.3M)

18. GARDN Research Themes and First Round Nine Projects ($23M) P&WC Project 1 (M. Bissinger) Life-cycle improvement - Materials of concern (Poly, Integran, StandardAero) Project 2 (G. Girard) Forced mixer and nozzle noise reduction (McGill, Sherbrooke) Project 3 (S-A. Meslioui) Noise reduction for transonic fans (McGill, Poly) Project 4 (F. Lefebvre) Engine core technologies to reduce emissions (Poly, Concordia, Waterloo, Ryerson) Project 5 (Q-P. Zheng) Altitude emissions control for aviation (Waterloo, Warsaw Polytechnic) BA Project 1 (S. Banerjee) Environmentally-focused regional aircraft (UTIAS, P&WC) Project 2 (S. Banerjee) Environmentally-focused long-range business jet (UTIAS, P&WC) Project 3 (M. Huising) Airframe noise reduction (Waterloo, Messier-Dowty, Aercoustics) CMC Project 1 (R. Hygate) Continuous descent arrivals research (ETS)

19. Engine Core Technologies Compressor Demonstrator Durability Items Nickel impeller Surge load predictions Performance Items Swept axial airfoils Tip effect de-sensitization Enhanced compressor surge line IBR rotors D hybrid diffuser Weight Items Compact centrifugal stage

20. Centrifugal Compressor Technology DemoCompact Centrifugal Compressor Stage Same compression with reduced overall length and casing radius Maintains aerodynamic efficiency State-of-the-Art optimization methods and CFD utilized Significant improvement in thrust-to-weight ratio Compact Centrifugal Concept Reduced Radius Diffuser Reduced Length Impeller

21. Centrifugal Compressor Technology Demo Advanced Diffuser Technology New patented “D-Hybrid” diffuser technology developed at P&WC to replace pipe diffuser Reduced cost – simpler construction Improved Aerodynamic incidence at diffuser entry Improved operability range with state-of-the-art efficiency Pipe Diffuser and Fishtail D-Hybrid Diffuser

22. Noise Reduction for Transonic Fan Demo • Objectives • Improved fan performance • No impact on noise • Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic modeling • Advance 3D shapes • Fan-Stator interaction • Selection of fan-stator configurations for wind tunnel testing • Wind tunnel testing • Anechoic chamber • Far field noise measurement • Flexible fan rig • Variable spacing • Many stator configurations • Fan case acoustic treatment optimization • Modeling validation • Test results to calibrate and validate the models • Incorporate the tools into standard design practices Separate Stator Arrangement Full-Span Stator Arrangement CFD analysis Extract acoustic content from CFD analyses Verify analysis results vs. far field noise test data Feed acoustic data into noise propagation tool

23. Forced Mixer and Nozzle Noise Reduction • Objective: 1-2 dB reduction • Characterization of the dominant noise features • CFD analyses • Develop a CAA methodology for far field noise prediction from turbulent subsonic jet • Choose 10-15 promising mixer configurations • Wind tunnel testing • 10-15 scale models • Phased array microphones (isolate mixer noise and shear layer noise) • Jet flight effects on propagation • Performance characterization • Full scale static testing • 3-4 full scale models • Outdoor noise test with a full engine • Far field noise signature • Database for flight simulation • Flight testing (2nd phase of project)

24. Managing

25. GARDN Management StructureGuiding Principles • Respecting NCE guidelines • Benchmarking other NCE (e.g. AUTO21) • Building on existing consortia know-how and strengths (CRIAQ, SDTC, ISTC, etc.) • Using industry’s best practices in technology management • Adopting a lean structure • Ensuring industry leadership • Leveraging the know-how and networks of CRIAQ and AIAC

26. GARDN Management Structure Board of Directors (14) Industry-Academic-Government 3 Meetings / year Executive Directors: F. Kafyeke (BA) H. Moustapha (P&WC) Chairman: C. Lajeunesse (AIAC) Executive Committee (5) 6 Meetings / year Research Committee CAEWG Network Manager CRIAQ (C. Trindade) GARDN Secretariat AIAC Scientific Director TBD Scientific Director CMC (R. Hygate) Scientific Director P&WC (S. Sampath) Scientific Director BA (B. Pang) Project 1 Project 4 Project 1 Project 1 Project 5 Project 2 Total budget: $23.2M (4 years) (9 projects/18 partners for first round) Research budget: $20.7M (at 50%) Admin budget: $2.5M (at 75%) (12% of total budget) Project 2 Project 3 Project 3 Head Office: AIAC, 60 Queen Street, Suite 1200, Ottawa, ON

27. GARDN Key Performance Indicators (KPI) • Research Program • Network researchers • Number of projects • Research budget • TRL progression • Highly Qualified People (HQP) • Number of students and universities • Number of theses (MS, Ph.D.), etc • Knowledge and Technology Transfer • Patent applications / Granted patents • TRL-6 achievements • Technical reports • Partnerships, Networking & International Relationships • Number of partners (national & international) • SMEs outreach • Governing & Managing • Achievements vs objectives • Administration budget percentage

28. Growing

29. Lack of Tech. Demos and Funding for TRL 4 to 7 Technology Acquisition Technology Development / Demonstration Product & Manufacturing Methods Dev Production Technology Infusion Markets Basic Research Applied Research “Valley of Death in Innovation Supply Chain” TRL 1 Tech. Platforms & Demos TRL 7 Research TRL 4 Development TRL 9 EDC CCC DFAIT IC BDC IRAP SR&ED Tax Credit DIRP NRC/CANMET TPC/SADI Regional Agencies SDTC BL-NCE and Universities CFI NRC (IAR) NSERC Industrial Research Chairs CRIAQ ? ……Industrial and Regional Benefits……..

30. EU Framework Program Integrated Projects (IP) Strategic Project (STREPS) Joint Technology Initiative JTI) Technology & Product Development in Aeronautics Europe and Canada Research and Technology Acquisition Product Development TRL 1 TRL 4 TRL 7 TRL 9 Fundamental Knowledge Technology Development Technology Validation Prototypes Demonstrators Product Definition Product Design & Develolopment Product Demonstration Production Level 1 NSERC (CRD & IRC), ISTC & CRIAQ Level 2 EU One Program Canada 6-10 Programs No Demo SDTC & BL-NCE (GARDN) Level 3 Tech. Demos: No Funding

31. GARDN Strategic Plan: Linking to Canadian and International Aerospace Environmental Initiatives Canadian Aerospace Environmental Collaborative Projects - Total Budget $70M (0.35% of Sales) Environmental Roadmap Industry Canada-NRC-Industry CAEWG GARDN Research Committee CRIAQ (MDEIE/NSERC) Environmental themes 18 projects, 36 partners, $10.3M P&WC (SDTC) Low Emission Combustion 11 projects, 5 partners, $22M 9 projects, 18 partners, $23M P&WC (ISTC) Bio-fuels for Aviation 10 projects, 12 partners, $5.5M P&WC/Integran/Comtek (SDTC) Environmental Advanced Materials Acoustics Chair (NSERC) Sherbrooke / BA, Bell, P&WC 10 projects, 3 partners, $3.3M BA/P&WC (SDTC) BioFuels Aircraft Demo FMP-SAGE Demo AIAC-Industry Canada EUFP7 1.7 Billion Euro (1.8% of Sales)

32. SDTC Advanced Materials ForReduced Engine Emissions (AMREE) • Research Areas • Composites - Polymer-matrix composites for containment, CMC for static turbine and combustor parts, Bio-Fibres • Nano Coatings - Hydrophobic, Wear-resistant • Grain Boundary Engineered (GBE) Materials - GBE Nickel Alloy for containment • High Temperature Coatings - Cathodic Arc oxidation-resistant coatings, ½K TBC, EBC for CMC • Abradable Coatings - Erosion-resistant • Ten Partners:Integran, Comtek, Composite Innovation Centre, Goodrich, NRC, Universities: Toronto, Ryerson, Ottawa, Concordia and Laval • Total Budget: $30M (2010-2014) • P&WC $ 11M ; Partners $8.5M ; SDTC $10.5M 32

33. SDTC BioFuel Aircraft Demonstrator BA Q400 • Objective • Flight demonstration involving Porter Airlines / Bombardier Q400 / P&WC PW150 • 2011 flight testing with Porter Airlines, Toronto  Ottawa • Blend of 3rd generation biojet fuel (Drop-in) • Program led by Bombardier with strong P&WC support • Funding • SDTC funding application due September 2009 Porter Airlines Feedstock P&WC PW150 Refining Process

34. FMP-SAGE Demo: Technology & Funding Road Map 2000-2006 2007-2008 2009 2010 (TRM) Technology Road Map AIAC 2025 Vision Industry Canada TRM AIAC – CAP - CATN AeroMontreal Forum White Paper AIAC - FMP Technology Working Group Projects Industry Canada Working Groups (Composites-DPHM) Industry Canada MDEIE Funding SAGE Demo Execution

35. AIAC-FMP Technology Demonstration Smart Affordable Green Efficient “SAGE” Four Vehicles Demos and Eight Technology Platforms Two Vehicle Demos Regional/ Commercial Eco-Design Helicopter Business Jets Product Development Engines Environment Manufacturing Materials Two Transverse Systems Demos Eight Technology Platforms More Intelligent Systems More Electric Systems Systems Avionics Human PerformanceAugmentation 35 AIAC-FMP, Final Report, May 2008

36. Canadian Aerospace Collaborative Environmental Initiatives TRL 1 TRL 4 TRL 7 CRIAQ- MDEIE/NSERC Environmental themes 18 projects, 36 partners, $10.3M 2002 2004 CRIAQ/P&WC - ISTC/MDEIE Bio-fuels for Aviation 10 projects, 12 partners, $5.5M 2006 P&WC - SDTC Low Emission Combustion 11 projects, 5 partners, $22M 2008 Acoustics Chair - NSERC Sherbrooke / BA, Bell, P&WC 10 projects, 3 partners, $3.3M BL-NCE 9 Projects 18 Partners $23M 2009 P&WC/Integran/Comtek – SDTC (Spring 2009) Environmental Advanced Materials BA/P&WC – SDTC (Fall 2009) BioFuels Aircraft Demo FMP-SAGE Demo Industry Canada – MDEIE ($$TBD) AIAC-CRIAQ-AeroMontreal 2010