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Introduction to Chemistry: Understanding Matter and Chemical Reactions

Chemistry is the science that studies the characteristics, composition, and changes in matter, which is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter exists in four physical states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Each state has unique properties, such as solids having a definite shape and volume, while gases have neither a fixed shape nor volume. Chemical properties describe how substances react with others, forming new products through chemical reactions. Understanding these concepts is essential for grasping the fundamentals of chemistry and its applications in the world around us.

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Introduction to Chemistry: Understanding Matter and Chemical Reactions

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  1. Intro to Chemistry

  2. Chemistry is the branch of science concerned with the characteristics , composition and changes in matter. • Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space (volume).

  3. Physical States of Matter • Four Physical states of matter exist: • solid • liquid • gas • plasma

  4. Matter exists in three of theses states on Earth: • Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. • Liquids have an indefinite shape (they take the shape of their container) and a definite volume. • Gases have indefinite shape and indefinite volume (they take the shape and fill the volume of their container). • The fourth state, plasma, results from nuclear fusion reactions which occur on stars i.e. Sun.

  5. Table 1: Physical Properties of Matter

  6. Chemical Properties of Matter • Chemical properties are characteristics of a substance that describe its ability to react chemically with other substances to form new products. • E.g. • When copper is exposed to moist air for long periods of time, it turns green (i.e. roof tops in Ottawa Parliament)

  7. Common Chemical Properties of Matter • Reaction with water • Reaction with oxygen • Reaction with hydrogen • Reaction with acids or bases • Reaction with other pure substances • Toxicity • Stability • Combustibility

  8. A physical change – is a change that does not produce a new substance • I.e. ice melting  water is formed • A Chemical Reaction – is a change in matter that produces new substances with new properties. • I.e. vinegar + baking soda carbon dioxide

  9. Chemical reactions involve energy. • Some release energy , some store energy • Products = The new substances that are formed are called. • Reactants = the substances that react together. • A chemical reaction can be written as: Reactants  Products (the arrow means there was a chemical reaction!!)

  10. Clues that a Chemical Reaction has occurred are: • Fizzing or gas bubbles • Change in color • Heat or light or odour is given off • A precipitate might form • Difficult to reverse

  11. Activity 2.1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JmzBf3XGsOE • Answer Questions 1, 2

  12. Question 1 Reactants = vinegar, baking soda Question 2 Water freezing is not a chemical reaction. There were no new products made because water can melt, it is only a change of physical state.

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