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奈米太陽能電池 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells ( 色素增感型太陽能電池 )

奈米太陽能電池 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells ( 色素增感型太陽能電池 ). 吳季珍 副教授 國立成功大學化工系 2004.07.21 K-12 奈米實作研習營. Solar Cells. The supply of energy from the Sun to the Earth is 3 x 10 24 Joules/year. It is about 10,000 times more than the global population currently consumes.

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奈米太陽能電池 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells ( 色素增感型太陽能電池 )

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  1. 奈米太陽能電池Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells(色素增感型太陽能電池) 吳季珍 副教授 國立成功大學化工系 2004.07.21 K-12奈米實作研習營

  2. Solar Cells • The supply of energy from the Sun to the Earth is 3 x 1024 Joules/year. • It is about 10,000 times more than the global population currently consumes. • Covering 0.1% of the Earth’s surface with solar cells with an efficiency of 10% would satisfy our present needs.

  3. 太陽光能譜

  4. 色素增感型太陽能電池Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)

  5. 色素增感型太陽能電池工作原理 TiO2 奈米薄膜

  6. 色素增感型太陽能電池工作原理 hv hv 透明導電玻璃 電解質 陰極 二氧化鈦 色素分子 e- e- 電子注入 最大可獲得電壓 氧化態(I-) 還原態(I3-) 電解液電位 截取電洞 擴散 h+ h+ e-

  7. 色素增感型太陽能電池 vs.光合作用 色素增感型太陽能電池 光合作用機制圖

  8. Conventional Solar Cell vs. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell • The dye solar cell: • It is a biomimetic device • It is a nanoparticle device • It is a majority-carrier device • Positive charge transport occurs through ion transport in the electrolyte, rather than hole conduction • Its record efficiency confirmed at NREL at 10.4%

  9. : the gradient of the conduction band edge : the electron concentration gradient : the electron mobility : the electron charge : the diffusion coefficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Electron current density • For the dye solar cell: • No band bending, solar electric effect due to an electron conc. gradient by light absorption---Diffusion • No electric field, separation of electrons and holes occurring at dye/TiO2 interface • Low photocurrent could be the result of • Inefficient light harvesting by the dye • Inefficient charge injection into TiO2 • Inefficient collection of injection electron

  10. Electron Transport in the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell---an important factor affecting energy conversion efficiency • Diffusion coefficient of the electrons in the porous film was found to be several orders of magnitude lower than that of bulk crystal. • Multitrapping model: electron transport is mediated by the conduction band and is interrupted by trapping. The traps could be formed by oxygen defects, amorphous layer on the particle surface, chemical surrounding, and lattice mismatch at boundaries. • Injection electrons are slow down by trapping at the surface of the particles and may back reaction through recombination with I3- ions.

  11. 各種太陽能電池的比較 Nature 414, 338, 2001

  12. 如何製作色素增感型太陽能電池

  13. 藥品與器材 • 透明導電玻璃 2×2 cm • 二氧化鈦 (TiO2)粉末 • 乙基丙酮 (acetylacetone) • 界面活性劑 (Triton X-100) • 丙醯碳酸酯 (propylene carbonate) • 碘 (I2) • 碘化鉀 (KI) • 色素 (Merchrochrome) • 導電銅膠帶

  14. 製作色素增感型太陽能電池 調配二氧化鈦漿糊 H2O 10mL 乙基丙酮1mL TiO2 30g 加入 40mL H2O稀釋 均勻分散後 滴入界面活性劑 Triton X-100 1mL 二氧化鈦漿糊完成 !! 靜置最少十五分鐘以上

  15. 製作色素增感型太陽能電池 製作二氧化鈦電極 清洗,吹乾,並確定那一面為導電面 於導電面貼上膠帶做為模版 TiO2 漿糊 以玻棒沿同一方向塗抹 500℃下加熱一小時 撕下膠帶

  16. TiO2奈米薄膜

  17. 於導電面鍍上一層白金 製作色素增感型太陽能電池 • 製作白金電極 • 以丙酮、酒精等溶劑於超音波水槽內震洗透明導電玻璃基板(ITO)。 • 清洗完畢取出後,以氮氣槍吹乾,並以三用電錶量測那一面為導電面,導電面朝上放置。 • 利用濺鍍機於透明導電玻璃上,鍍上一層白金,白金電極完成。 • 調配電解質溶液 • 於樣品瓶內裝入20 mL的丙醯碳酸酯(propylene carbonate),加入0.254 g的碘(I2)以及1.66 g的碘化鉀(KI),均勻混合後電解質溶液即配製完成。 • 此電解液應避免光照,因此在不使用時可用鋁鉑紙包裹,或是存放在沒有光照的地方。

  18. 製作色素增感型太陽能電池 Staining the TiO2 with Dye 吸附色素分子於二氧化鈦表面 • 取一培養皿,撒上少許色素(Merchrochrome),再加入適量酒精做為溶劑,將二氧化鈦電極浸泡其中,浸泡時間約12~18小時。 • 浸泡完畢後,取出待其自然陰乾,再以氮氣槍吹乾,保持乾燥!需注意避免水氣吸附在二氧化鈦電極表面,以免影響奈米太陽能電池之效率。 Mercurochrome (merbromin)

  19. 製作色素增感型太陽能電池 組裝奈米太陽能電池 • 取一白金電極與二氧化鈦電極,白金面與二氧化鈦面,面對面錯開5 mm 對貼,在其兩側各夾一片PE膜做為間隙子(spacer),並以長尾夾固定。 • 將上述固定好之樣品放於加熱板上,160℃下加熱三分鐘,使PE膜受熱固定往兩片電極。 • 以滴管吸取少許電解質溶液,滴一兩滴電解液於奈米太陽能電池未封往的一邊,讓其藉由毛細作用吸入整個奈米太陽能電池之中。 • 待電解液完全充滿整個奈米太陽能電池後,以牙籤沾取少許AB膠,將剩下尚未封住的兩邊封住。 • 剪下兩片長2 cm寬5 mm 銅膠帶,貼在兩側露出之透明導電玻璃上,做為電池輸出端。

  20. 製作色素增感型太陽能電池 成品展示

  21. 色素增感型太陽能電池Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSC)

  22. 塑膠片上的太陽能電池

  23. 藥品與器材

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