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IMMOBILITY

IMMOBILITY. RISKS AND PREVENTION. Question:. Which major body systems are impacted by immobility?. Answer:. ALL OF THEM!!!!!. Factors impacting effects of immobility:. Extent & duration of immobilization Age of individual Physical condition Nutritional intake.

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IMMOBILITY

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  1. IMMOBILITY RISKS AND PREVENTION

  2. Question: Which major body systems are impacted by immobility?

  3. Answer: ALL OF THEM!!!!!

  4. Factors impacting effects of immobility: • Extent & duration of immobilization • Age of individual • Physical condition • Nutritional intake

  5. Metabolic changes with immobility • Decrease in metabolic rate • Alteration of nutrient metabolism • Electrolyte imbalance • Nitrogen imbalance • Calcium loss

  6. Gastrointestinal system • Decreased GI motility • Anorexia • Constipation • Fecal impaction

  7. Respiratory system • Atelectasis • Hypostatic pneumonia

  8. Cardiovascular system • Orthostatic hypotension • Increased cardiac workload • Thrombus formation (DVT)

  9. Musculoskeletal system • Osteoporosis • Contractures • Disuse atrophy (occurs at a rate of 3%/day in healthy people)

  10. Genitourinary system • Renal calculi (stones) • Urinary tract infection (UTI)

  11. Integumentary system • Diminished healing capacity • Decubitus ulcer formation

  12. Psychosocial effects: • Emotional & behavioral changes • Sensory alterations • Sleep disturbances

  13. ASSESSMENT • Joint problems • Assess for stiffness, swelling, limitations,& inequality

  14. Prevention of joint problems • Range of motion exercises • Ambulation: ASAP!!!

  15. Assessment • Respiratory problems • Auscultate lung sounds • Inspect color and viscosity of mucus • Observe respiratory effort

  16. Prevention of respiratory problems • Cough and deep breathe • Incentive spiromater • Fluid intake • Ambulate ASAP!

  17. Assessment • Cardiovascular problems • Heart rate and quality of heart sounds • Exercise tolerance • Blood pressure: sitting and standing • Calf circumference • Homan’s sign

  18. Prevention of cardiovascular problems • Dangling • Transfer to chair • TED hose/Sequential stockings • Leg exercises (ankle pumps, foot circles,etc.) • Fluid intake • Medication if ordered (Heparin/Coumadin) • Ambulate ASAP!!!

  19. Assessment • Skin integrity • Color (inflammation, pallor) • Temperature (warmth, cold) • Hydration • Excoriation • any break in integrity

  20. Prevention of skin problems • Turn or reposition FREQUENTLY • Hydration (2000cc daily) • Hygiene • Circulation • Diet: high protein, high calorie, high fiber

  21. Prevention of Psychosocial Problems • Listen well • Respond to feelings • Educate patient and family • Limit noise & overstimulation • Promote sleep and rest • Allow choices and control

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