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Mechanisms & Characteristics of Sports Trauma

Mechanisms & Characteristics of Sports Trauma. Mechanical Injury. Tissue Stresses Tension* Stretching Compression* Shearing* Bending. T E N S I O N. SHEAR. COMPRESSION. Skin Injuries. Mechanical Forces Friction/rubbing Scraping Compression/pressure Tearing Cutting

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Mechanisms & Characteristics of Sports Trauma

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  1. Mechanisms & Characteristics of Sports Trauma

  2. Mechanical Injury • Tissue Stresses • Tension* • Stretching • Compression* • Shearing* • Bending T E N S I O N SHEAR COMPRESSION

  3. Skin Injuries • Mechanical Forces • Friction/rubbing • Scraping • Compression/pressure • Tearing • Cutting • Penetrating

  4. Skin Injuries • Wound Classification • Friction Blister • Abrasion • Incision • Laceration • Skin Avulsion • Puncture Wound • Skin Bruise (Contusion)

  5. Skeletal Muscle Injuries • Types of Muscle • Smooth – blood vessels & organs • Cardiac - heart • Striated - skeletal

  6. Skeletal Muscle Injuries • Acute Injuries • Contusions • Strains • Stretch (Grade 1), partial tear (Grade 2), complete rupture (Grade 3) • Tendon Injuries • Muscle Spasms • Overexertional Muscle Problems • Soreness (DOMS), stiffness, cramps • Muscle Guarding • When muscles around the injured area contract • Trigger Points

  7. Skeletal Muscle Injuries • Chronic Injuries • Myositis/fasciitis • Inflammation of muscles/fascia (i.e. plantar fasciitis, IT-Band syndrome) • Tendinitis • Inflammation of tendons • Tenosynovitis • Inflammation of sheath surrounding tendons • Atrophy • Wasting away of muscle tissue

  8. Synovial Joint Trauma • Acute Injuries • Sprains • Grades 1, 2, 3 • Synovitis • Irritation to the synovial membrane • Dislocations • Subluxation – partial dislocation (popped out and back in on its own) • Luxation – complete dislocation (popped out and stayed out)

  9. Synovial Joint Injuries • Chronic • Arthritis • Wearing down of cartilage • Bursitis • Inflammation caused by constant compression/rubbing • Synovitis

  10. Bone Trauma • Types of Bone • Flat • Skull, ribs, scapula • Irregular • Spine, skull • Short • Wrist and ankle • Long (most commonly injured) • Humerus, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, phalanges

  11. Bone Trauma • Acute Bone Fractures

  12. Bone Trauma • Stress Fractures • Typical causes in sports: • Playing too soon after injury • Changing sport seasons w/o proper training for second sport • Starting initial training too quickly • Changing habits or the environment

  13. Nerve Trauma • Causes • Compression and tension • Types • Neuritis • Chronic • Symptoms range from minor nerve problems to paralysis • Referred Pain • Pain felt in a different area of the body than its actual origin • Trigger points • Kehr’s sign

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