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Human Security Week 3

This paper explores the liberal underpinnings of human security (HS), emphasizing the significance of the individual and the social contract through a bottom-up approach. Drawing inspiration from Hobbes, Locke, and Kant, it addresses the complexities of state sovereignty against the backdrop of humanitarian emergencies. It critiques traditional views, highlights the responsibility to protect, and examines the international political economy of conflicts linked to high-value commodities. It also discusses the evolution of diplomacy and the importance of civil society and transparency in safeguarding human rights.

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Human Security Week 3

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  1. HumanSecurityWeek 3 Nikola Hynek

  2. Liberal Underpinnings of HS • liberal underpinnings - stress on individual - social contract - bottom-up approach - inspired by Hobbes, Locke and Kant • the emphasis on differences among states - incapacity of some x responsibilities of others)

  3. Liberalism, HS and state sovereignty • J.S. Mill- the right to intervene when the process of national self-determination was denied • all theorist: take state sovereignty for granted Vs. • State sovereignty as a social construct • changing view after the CW (humanitarian emergencies – Rwanda, Bosnia) • Why? The denial of HR + ethnic cleansing • Need to rethink the norm of state sovereignty – “The Responsibility to Protect” Report

  4. The International Political Economy of Conflicts • The phenomenon of “international political economy of conflicts” • Problems with high-value commodities and their function during conflicts(diamonds, precious metals, even oil) • e.g. Trading conflict diamonds; the Kimberley Process

  5. The “New Humanitarianism“ • Axworthy´s shift = redefinition of the security landscape – “New Humanitarianism” • Within this “New Humanitarian” landscape – a number of previously ignored issues have cropped up (child soldiers, ICC, APLs, SALWs etc.) • Civil violence aided by modern technology

  6. HS and Changes in Diplomacy • new forms of diplomacy: International discourse + like-minded states (MPs) • “New Diplomacy” = synergies between like-minded countries + NGOs + IGOs • The International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) or The Human Security Network as examples • Issue-specific coalitions, the role of IT

  7. UN, Regional “Codes of Conduct“ and the Norm of Transparency • Civil society: Monitoring activities and observing the implementation of agreements • the norm of transparency (“codes of conduct”) • The UN – the lack of capacity and political will do deploy UN contingents rapidly • Why? Impartiality, lack of resources, the danger of “moral crusaders” (e.g. Sudan)

  8. The Function and Views of HS • The function of the HS paradigm: aggregate key values together (umbrella or assemblage of ideas) • Three views of HS: 1.natural rights (Locke/Jefferson) 2. humanitarian (negative freedom) 3. HS to overcome privation (the fulfilment of positive freedoms) • HS transcends traditional liberal internationalism: individuals come first (primary referent points), states secondary

  9. Concluding Questions: • Why should be the safety of individual the matter of international security and not, for instance, of domestic rule of law? • What is the role of the state? What is the role of the civil society?

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