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Interconnection Networks: Course Overview and Key Challenges in Modern Computing

This course, led by Prof. Chung-Kuan Cheng at UCSD in Winter 2007, delves into the principles and practices of interconnection networks, integral for advanced computing systems. Key topics include the challenges posed by Moore's Law, the communication bottleneck in distributed computing, and emerging technologies like optical communications. The curriculum emphasizes network design, bandwidth maximization, latency minimization, and power management, preparing students to tackle real-world problems in various applications ranging from medical imaging to supercomputing.

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Interconnection Networks: Course Overview and Key Challenges in Modern Computing

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  1. CSE 291A Interconnection Networks Instructor: Prof. Chung-Kuan, Cheng CSE Dept. UCSD Winter-2007

  2. Course Information • Text books • “Principles and Practices of Interconnection Networks” by W. Dally et al. • “High Speed Signal Propagation: Advanced Black Magic” by H. Johnson et al. • Appendix E of “Interconnection Networks, Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach”(4th edition) by Hennessy et al.

  3. Course Information • Grading • Help on lecture slides: 15% • Projects • Interconnection Network Design: 45% • Subject study: 40% • Class participation: 5% bonus

  4. Motivation • Technology advancement:Performance bottleneck shifts from processor to interconnects • Optical technology: • In the past: for communication between cities. • Now: for communication between cabinets, or for boards. • Distortionless transmission line: • No need for pre-emphasis or equalization.

  5. Motivation (cont’d) • New problems: • Moore’s Law: increment of system density and speed. • System integration: array of processors. • Memory wall: maximize bandwidth, minimize latency. • Interface: limit of number of pins. • Power consumption • Communication becomes bottleneck of performance improvements.

  6. Motivation (cont’d) • Applications • Distributed computing • Internet search engines • Computational intensive applications: • Bioengineering: protein and genome • Weather prediction • Image processing • Earthquake simulation

  7. Motivations (cont’d) • Applications • Medical applications: MRI, EKG, MKG • Synthesis • Systems • Supercomputer • Internet Router • Rapid prototyping

  8. Problem Definition • To link processors, memory banks, disks and I/Os. • Objective function and constraints: • Maximize bandwidth • Minimize latency • Minimize power consumption • Volume and cost constraints • Service: • Easy to repair • Robustness

  9. About volume constraint • For chip, board and mid-plane under given technology: • I/O pins and wires have volume. • Estimate number of I/O pins and wires. • Design: • Interconnection topology • Wire technology • router

  10. Where is the problem? • Formulation is hard: • We need to build a machine for the year 2010. • We don’t know the state of the art technology at that time. • Complexity: • Huge design space • Design turnaround • Software integration • Physical limit: • non-overlapping -> communication latency

  11. Where is the problem (cont’d) • Parallel processing and distributed processing: • Competition of resources • Delay of feedback

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