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Dos

Dos. (Denial of Services). What is DoS Attack. A DoS attack can disrupts or completely denies service to legitimate users, networks, systems, or other resources.” Can last from a few minutes to several days. Types of DoS. Bandwidth Consumption Network Flooding T3 vs. 56K

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Dos

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  1. Dos (Denial of Services)

  2. What is DoS Attack • A DoS attack can disrupts or completely denies service to legitimate users, networks, systems, or other resources.” • Can last from a few minutes to several days

  3. Types of DoS • Bandwidth Consumption • Network Flooding • T3 vs. 56K • Amplifying Attack • Using multiple sites for attack

  4. Distributed DoS Attacks • More effective than DoS Attacks • Multiple sources for attack Tribe Flood Network, Trinoo, TFN2K • Zombie:A computer that has been implanted with a daemon that puts it under the control of a malicious hacker without the knowledge of the computer owner.

  5. Some History BP (Before Pain) – Pre - 1990 • DoS Tools: • Single-source, single target tools • IP source address spoofing • Packet amplification (e.g., smurf) • Deployment: • Widespread scanning and exploitation via scripted tools • Hand-installed tools and toolkits on compromised hosts (unix) • Use: • Hand executed on source host

  6. The danger grows - 1999 • DoS Tools: • Multiple-source, single target tools • Distributed attack networks (handler/agent) • DDoS attacks • Deployment: • Hand-selected, hard-coded handlers • Scripted agent installation (unix)

  7. DoS Attack in 2000 • Example SYN Flood Attack • February 5th . 11th, 2000 • Yahoo, eBay, CNN, E*Trade, ZDNet, Datek and Buy.com all hit • Attacks allegedly perpetrated by teenagers • Used compromised systems at UCSB

  8. Detailed Account of DDoS • May 4th-20th, 2001 • Gibson Research Corporation • www.grc.com/dos/intro.htm • DDoS attack from 474 machines • Completely saturated two T1s • 13-year-old claimed responsibility

  9. DoS Attacks on the Rise • Frequency of DoS attacks increased 60% over the last three years…and still rising

  10. Common forms of DoS • Buffer Overflow Attacks • SYN Attack • Teardrop Attack • Smurf Attack • Viruses • Physical Infrastructure Attack

  11. Buffer Overflow Attacks • Buffer overflow is an attempt to stuff to much information into a space in a computers memory. Examples • Sending e-mails that have attachments with 256-character file names to Netscape and Microsoft mail programs. • Sending large (ICMP) packets (this can be known as the Ping of Death attack)

  12. What is a SYN Flood? • Send spoofed SYN packets to system • System responds with SYN/ACK • Never receives final connection • Backlog in connection queue • Web servers are particularly vulnerable • How to Detect SYN attack netstat -n -p TCP | grep SYN_RECV | grep :23 | wc -l

  13. Smurf Attack • Amplification attack • Sends ICMP ECHO to network • Network sends response to victim system • The "smurf" attack's cousin is called "fraggle", which uses UDP echo packets in the same fashion

  14. Viruses Computer viruses, which replicate across a network in various ways, can be viewed as denial-of-service attacks where the victim is not usually specifically targetted but simply a host unlucky enough to get the virus. Depending on the particular virus, the denial of service can be hardly noticeable ranging all the way through disastrous. Physical Infrastructure Attacks fiber optic cable. This kind of attack is usually mitigated by the fact that traffic can sometimes quickly be rerouted.

  15. Impact of DoS Attacks • Loss of Revenue cont …

  16. Impact of DoS Attacks • Damage to Corporate Image and Brand • Cost of Over-engineering Network Resources • Cost to diagnose and rebuild systems • Forensic cost estimated by University of Washington to be $22,000 per event • Violation of service level agreements (SLAs) • Risk of litigation • Increase in insurance protection

  17. Why Defense is Difficult • SYN packets are part of normal traffic • Source IP addresses can be faked • SYN packets are small • Lengthy timeout period

  18. Possible Defenses • Increase size of connections table • Add more servers • Trace attack back to source • Deploy firewalls employing SYN • flood defense

  19. Who Offers a Defense? • PIX by Cisco • Firewall-1 by Checkpoint • Netscreen 100 by Netscreen • AppSafe/AppSwitch by Top Layer

  20. How Bad Can It Get? • Theoretical maximums for attackers using: • Analog modem: 87 SYNs/sec • ISDN, Cable, DSL: 200 SYNs/sec • T1: 2,343 SYNs/sec • 474 hacked systems 94,800 SYNs/sec

  21. How Much Do You Need? • Single firewall for attacker with single ISDN, DSL, or T1 • Multiple parallel units for higher bandwidth • Transparent. mode permits rapid deployment

  22. Conclusion • SYN floods are nasty • Firewalls with SYN flood defense can successfully counter attacks • Multiple or distributed attacks may require multiple parallel firewalls

  23. In Summary

  24. Thank You

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