1 / 25

Theories of Intelligence

Theories of Intelligence. Piaget, Vygotsky, Sternberg, & Gardner. Theories of Intelligence. Geographic: IQ testing, Spearman Computational: cog. neuroscience Epistemological: child development, Piaget Sociological: Vygotsky, Sternberg Systems: Sternberg, Gardner.

rianna
Télécharger la présentation

Theories of Intelligence

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Theories of Intelligence Piaget, Vygotsky, Sternberg, & Gardner

  2. Theories of Intelligence • Geographic: IQ testing, Spearman • Computational: cog. neuroscience • Epistemological: child development, Piaget • Sociological: Vygotsky, Sternberg • Systems: Sternberg, Gardner

  3. Frames of MindTheory of Multiple Intelligences • Sources of Theory: • Piaget • Vygotsky • Sternberg

  4. Jean Piaget 1896 - 1980

  5. Piaget: Child as Scientist • Discovers & creates knowledge of world • Discovers & creates methods of knowing the world • Stages of Development • Stable periods: equilibrium • Transitional / crisis periods: reorganization

  6. Piaget: Basic Processes • Adaptation: agreement of thought with external world Assimilation: adding new info to old schemas Accommodation: adapting schemas to new info • Organization: internal coherence of knowledge

  7. Equilibration and Reorganization • Confirmation of knowledge  equilibration & stability • Disconfirmation of knowledge  disequilibrium & reorganization

  8. Stages • Sensorimotor (0 - 2 yrs) • Symbolic / pre-operational (2 – 7 yrs) • Concrete operations (7 – 11 yrs) • Formal operations (11 – 15 yrs)

  9. Sensorimotor Stage • Coordination of reflexes • Beginning of object permanence • Emergence of causality • Active experimenting on world • Invention of new means by mental combination (18 – 24 months)  beginning of symbolic thought

  10. Symbolic / “pre-operational” • Use of symbols: language, numbers, etc. • Concrete: limited to here & now failure to recognize conservation • Egocentric: focus on child’s relations to objects, not relationships of objects with other objects

  11. Concrete Operations • Basic logical & mathematical operations (including conservation of substance, volume, weight; classification) • Can think in ways that contradict immediate impressions • Can’t manipulate systems of abstractions (can’t do proofs of theorems)

  12. Formal Operations • Operations on operations (Given bucket of water & objects -- asked to figure out why some float and some don’t -- can figure out notion of density.) • Mental exploration of possible worlds

  13. Piaget: Main Criticisms • Periods achieved gradually, with little discontinuity • Can perform some higher-level tasks when procedures modified • Operations often don’t generalize, but remain specific to tasks

  14. Lev Vygotsky 1896 - 1934

  15. Lev Vygotsky • Intelligence is social & cultural • Growth of intelligence based on internalization of social processes • Intelligence is product of history; resides in culture

  16. Vygotsky: Key Ideas • Tools & symbols • Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) Apprenticeship Learning

  17. Robert Sternberg

  18. Robert Sternberg • Analytic: what IQ & achievement tests measure • Practical: real-world problem-solving • Creative: art, music, literature, etc.

  19. Studying Practical Intelligence • Formulating Hypotheses Test • In-Basket Exercises  Both use panels of expert raters

  20. Howard Gardner

  21. Artificial Intelligence software central processor Single Neuroscience hardware modules Multiple Frames of Mind

  22. Prodigies Brain damage (eliminates or spares) Information-processing systems Developmental history Evolutionary history or plausibility Lab experiments Correlational research (intelligence tests) Encoding in symbol system Sources of Evidence

  23. Criteria for “Intelligence” • Neurobiological system • Symbol system

  24. Intelligences • Linguistic • Logical-mathematical • Musical • Spatial • Bodily – Kinesthetic • Personal: knowledge of self & others

  25. Stages of Development Novice  Apprentice  Journeyman  Expert

More Related