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Men & Masculintites Programme Domestic Violence and Substance Use

Men & Masculintites Programme Domestic Violence and Substance Use. Maria Cripps & Phil Price. Domestic violence.

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Men & Masculintites Programme Domestic Violence and Substance Use

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  1. Men & Masculintites Programme Domestic Violence and Substance Use Maria Cripps & Phil Price

  2. Domestic violence • DV is widely defined as the systematic use of violence and abuse to gain power over and to control a partner or ex-partner. Domestic violence occurs across all cultures, ages, ethnic groups and social classes. • As well as covering physical violence – including all forms of aggressive or unwanted physical contact and sexual violence – domestic violence includes non-physical abuse such as verbal, social, racist, psychological or emotional abuse, threats, neglect, harassment and the use of economic, structural, institutional or spiritual abuse.

  3. Prevalence of domestic violence • Domestic violence accounted for quarter of all crimes against the person in England and Wales. (2001 British Crime Survey England and Wales, London: Home Office) and for over half of all incidents attended by the RUC in 2001 (police service statistics RUC, Northern Ireland, 2001). • Every year around 150 people (120 women – nearly half of all female murder victims - and 30 men – around 8% of all male murder victims) are killed by a current or former partner. (Flood-Page, C. & Taylor,J. (eds) Crime in England and Wales 2001/2002, London ; Home Office, 2003).

  4. Prevalence of Substance Use in DV incidents • Estimates indicate that between 60 – 70% of men who assault their partners do so under the influence of substances1 • Over half of the women using a domestic violence service reported substance use as a dual issue for (ex) partners 2 • BCS described over half of domestic violence incidents as having a Substance as a factor 3 1 – the links between substance misuse and domestic violence – John Jacobs – 1998 2 – Separate Services – Dual Issues - Cathy Humphries et al – 2006 3 – British Crime Survey - 2001

  5. Domestic Violence is about power and control

  6. Power and Control • DV is connected to deeply ingrained beliefs and a sense of ‘entitlement’ to authority and service. • It is about avoiding underlying (& unacceptable) emotions of vulnerability that are uncomfortable • It is a selective amount of violence towards a selected victim in a selected environment • It is not a ‘loss of control’

  7. VIOLENCE THREATS, COERCION & INTIMIDATION CHASING, HARASSING & STALKING SEXUAL PHYSICAL * making threats to hurt her * scaring her by using looks, actions or gestures * smashing things * destroying her property * abusing pets * displaying weapons * threatening to leave or kill * contacting her at times or in places where it's not welcome * not letting her leave the argument or relationship * using finances or kids as excuses to make unwelcome contact * using BLOCKING WOMEN'S ANGER EMOTIONAL ABUSE * using threats and intimidation to silence her * not listening to her * interrupting her * ignoring her * mocking her concern * making her feel mad, bad or sick for feeling angry others to make unwelcome contact * putting her down * making her feel bad about herself * calling her names * making her think she's crazy * playing mind-games * humiliating her * coming back with constant counter-accusations POWER AND CONTROL ABUSING MALE PRIVILEGE & ECONOMIC ABUSE ISOLATION & ACTING JEALOUS * controlling what she does, who she sees, what she reads, where she goes * limiting or discouraging her outside involvement * using threats or abuse to others to * treating her like a servant * making all the big decisions * denying her access to or knowledge about the family income * making her ask for or be grateful for money SEXUAL ABUSE MINIMISING, DENYING, LYING, BLAMING * preventing her from working outside the home * redefining her role USING CHILDREN * forcing her to watch, take part in, or be subject to any sexual act * coercing her into sexual acts * using sulks or punishments if she refuses sex *using sexual put-downs or sexual humiliation * blaming her for your problems or for your abuse * making light of the abuse * making light of the effects of your abuse * saying the abuse didn't happen * encouraging the children to take sides * making her feel guilty about the children * using child contact to harass her * using contact/custody cases to continue your argument with her * making her feel crazy by lying to her * using sexual 'double standards' PHYSICAL * using children to relay messages * threatening to take trhe childen away SEXUAL VIOLENCE yourself achieve this The power and control model of an abusive relationship

  8. Elements of domestic violence perpetrator programmes • Increase awareness of physiological, mental and emotional signs of build up to violence. • Develop critical awareness of attitudes and beliefs that support use of violence. • Increase empathy for victims • Increase awareness of effects of domestic violence upon children • Widen definition of abuse, set it in context of power and control • Teach and practice alternative behaviour.

  9. Aims of the partnership • For DVIP, Cranston and CASA services to work in partnership to develop and deliver a programme for heterosexual male perpetrators of domestic violence with complex drug and alcohol problems • To use borough screening tools alongside DVIP’s domestic violence assessment model, to map an accurate ‘self disclosed’ picture of the violence and abuse perpetrated across this service user group, then analyse the extent of substance use problems, use of services and the impact of substance use treatment in relation to the use of violence. • For a specialist assessment model, 16 week groupwork programme and partner support service to be designed and implemented.

  10. Assessment outcomes • Over three months in 2011: 11 men were identified as suitable for referral out of a stabilized treatment population of approximately 20 during that period • 10 were assessed against standard domestic violence assessment tools • 10 disclosed major poly substance use issues; • 4 disclosed primary alcohol problems; • 10 disclosed chaotic stimulant use (cocaine and crack cocaine); • 4 disclosed primary opiate use; • All but 2 stated they were currently abstinent; • None were on a substitute prescribing regime for opiate use; • 4 were using prescribed anti-depressants; • One was using prescribed Antabuse; • 7 of the men had children under the age of 18 (a total of 16 children between them); the other 3 men were fathers of adult offspring.

  11. Assessment outcomes Physical violence disclosed Non-physical violence disclosed Insulting Shouting, screaming, yelling Criticising her clothes Criticising her childcare Sulking Threatening to leave Threatening to take the children Threatening to harm himself Controlling finances Storming out Isolating her Accusing her of affairs Reckless driving Interrupting her sleep Blaming her for problems Having affairs • Pinching • Pushing (against a wall, to the floor) • Grabbing • Slapping • Spitting • Biting • Hitting with an object • Pulling hair • Kicking • Punching (to body or face) • Bodily throwing • Headbutting • Grabbing throat • Pinning to the bed • Beating unconscious • Assaulting during pregnancy

  12. Assessment outcomes Sexual violence Forensic history 5 of the 10 men assessed had previous convictions that were directly related to domestic violence; 3 of these also had other violent and /or drug related convictions; 2 other men had non-violent convictions (drug and driving related); the other 3 men either had no convictions or no information was available or disclosed in this respect. • 6 men disclosed some level of sexual abuse; • 3 men limited their disclosure to the withholding of sex and / or affection; • 2 men disclosed verbally pressuring their partners for sex on at least one occasion; • 1 man disclosed biting his partner’s face during sex although he claimed this was consensual.

  13. Programme outline • The programme set out to prioritise the physical abuse, power and control and motivation / strengths and CBT led aspects of a perpetrator programme • We of course covered aspects of the impact on partners and children, although the length of the pilot meant that this was limited • We did not cover sexual respect beyond just identifying the behaviours • We did cover some of the emotional abuse aspects of the programme • But, over time decided to leave the most ‘stressing’ role play and re-enactment aspects of a perpetrator programme

  14. Timelines / moving forwards • Time-line exercises really showed how entrenched IPV was in this groups substance use history • The P&C model also really matched the mens experience of themselves in their relationships • The programme – supported in the project as a whole – held the men it set out to challenge

  15. Contact us phil@dvip.org mcripps@cranstoun.org.uk

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