6/1 Focus:

1. 6/1 Focus: • Belief systems of early civilizations varied widely, and helped shaped the societies in which they arose. • Do Now: • Identify the social system in the illustration below.

2. Final Exam Review Day 4

3. Belief Systems • The belief in many gods is known as: • Polytheism • The belief in one god is known as: • Monotheism

4. Belief Systems Belief that in nature spirits exist in all things Animism Shinto

5. Belief Systems • Compare and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism Dharma Eightfold Path Reincarnation Karma Brahman Moksha The Caste System Nirvana Founded by Siddhartha Guatma Four Noble Truths No founder

6. Belief Systems Confucianism Daoism Legalism

7. Belief Systems • Five Pillars of Islam • Allah is the one true God • Give charity to the poor • Make Pilgrimage (Haji) to Mecca • Fasting during the Ramadan • Pray five times a day facing Mecca

8. Belief Systems • The Four Noble Truths (Buddhism) • Life is suffering • Suffering is caused by selfish desire • Suffering can be eliminated by eliminating desire • Desire can be eliminated by following the Eightfold Path

9. Belief Systems • The Ten Commandments • Code and rules of behavior followed by Christians and Jews

10. Belief Systems • The Five Relationships (Confucianism) • Superior to Inferior • Ruler to Subject • Father to Son • Husband to Wife • Older Brother to Younger Brother • Friend to Friend

11. Monotheistic Religions Muhammad (I) Bible (J,C) 5 Pillars (I) Jesus (C) Torah (J) 10 Commandments (J,C) Synagogue (J) Caliphate (I) Mosque (I) Monotheism (I,J,C) Koran (I) Began in the Middle East (I,J,C)

12. 1. One way in which the Five Relationships, the Ten Commandments, and the Eightfold Path are similar is that they: • promote polytheism • provide codes of behavior • establish gender equality • describe secularism

13. 2. Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are similar in that they all ask their followers to • believe in reincarnation • strive for nirvana • follow a code of behavior • practice polytheism

14. 3. Which action is most closely associated with polytheism? • praying in a synagogue • worshipping many gods • accepting the Eightfold Path • reading the Koran

15. 4. The five relationships taught by Confucius encouraged people to • improve their position in life • maintain social and political order • respect and worship nature • serve the needs of religious leaders

16. 5. Which factor most influenced a person’s social position in early Indian societies? • education • geographic location • birth • individual achievement

17. Golden Age of Athens • Greece • Occurred under the rule of Pericles; • economic growth; arts and culture flourished • growth of philosophy • democratic principles and institutions strengthened

18. Islamic Golden Age • Islamic Caliphate • Advances in Math (Algebra), Science, and Medicine • Preserved Greek, Roman, Persian knowledge

19. Gupta Empire • India • Advances in Math (concept of zero) and medicine • development of Sanskrit language and literature, • growth of art and architecture • Ajanta Caves

20. Mali • West Africa • Occurred under the rule of Mansa Musa; • spread of Islam over trade networks ; • Wealth from gold and salt trade • Timbuktu became a major center of learning

21. Tang Dynasty • China • Invention of gunpowder, movable type and block printing, and Porcelain pottery • Trade along the silk road

22. A major contribution of the Golden Age of Islam was the: • Development of mercantilism • Creation of the first polytheistic religion • Spread of democratic ideals • Advancement of mathematics and sciences

23. The Tang dynasty of China, the Gupta Empire of India, and the Mali Empire of Africa were similar in that each experienced a period of • Prosperity and artistic achievement • Feudalism and oppression • War and constant invasion • Mercantilism and industrial expansion

24. Phoenicians • Known as “carriers of civilizations”; traded goods and spread ideas throughout the Mediterranean; inventors of the modern alphabet

25. Alexander the Great • Conquered large empire from Greece to Eastern border of India • Conquest led to the creation of Hellenistic Culture • Blended Greek, Persian, Indian, and Egyptian culture

26. The Mongols • conquests secured trade and travel along the Silk Road • Goods and technologies spread from Asia to Europe during the Pax Mongolia • Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta documented travels to Asia

27. Korea • Served as a cultural bridge between China and Japan

28. Bantu Migration • One of the largest migrations in human history • Waves of West African farmers moved east and south through Africa • Spread West African farming techniques and language

29. Byzantine • Spread Cyrillic alphabet, Eastern Orthodox Christianity, art, and architecture to Russia

30. The Crusades • Cultural diffusion between the Middle East and Europe grew as a result of large armies traveling to and from the Middle East • Knowledge and technologies of the Islamic civilization reached Europe

31. What was one result of Large armies traveling great distances during the Crusades? • Muslim control of Jerusalem ended • Feudalism began in western Europe • Cultural exchanges between the Middle East and Europe grew • Christians and Muslims achieved a lasting peace

32. The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from • Imperialism • Ethnocentrism • Cultural diffusion • Self-determination

33. The Silk Road was important because it allowed for the: • Exploration of China by the Roman Army • Development of agriculture by the nomadic people of Central Asia • Movement of Chinese armies through Southeast Asia • Exchange of goods between Asia and the Middle East

34. What was the effect of the extensive Mongol Empire on the people who lived in Europe and Asia in the 1200’s • Development of a common language • Adoption of Confucian ideas and practices • Expansion of Japanese cultural traditions • Significant increases in trade and travel