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Intro to Plants: Bryophytes, Seedless Vascular Plants, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms

Learn about the different groups of plants including bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Discover their life cycles, adaptations, and relationships with green algae. Also, explore the similarities and differences between these plant groups and their dominant phases in their life cycles. Final Jeopardy: Explore what viruses are composed of.

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Intro to Plants: Bryophytes, Seedless Vascular Plants, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms

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  1. Jeopardy Intro to Plants Bryophytes Seedless Vascular Plants Gymnosperms Angiosperms $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Final Jeopardy

  2. Plants are most closely related to a group of _________ called ___________ Plants are most closely related to a group of GREEN ALGAE called ZYGNEMATOPHYCAE 1 - $100

  3. 1 - $200 • Name the three extant groups of plants and put them in order of oldest to youngest • 1) nonvascular • 2) seedless vascular • 3) seed plants

  4. 1 - $300 What were the first type of plants on land? What phyla does this group belong to? • Liverworts • Belong to Bryophytes (nonvascular plants)

  5. 1 - $400 • Name all of the seedless vascular plant groups common name AND scientific name • Lycophytes - Lycophyta • Ferns – Pteriodphyta • Horsetails – Equisetophyta • Whisk ferns - Psilophyta

  6. 1 - $500 • Describe what Alternation of Generations means. Do all plants do this? What does the sporophyte produce? What does the gametophyte produce? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bjgbKT5uAw

  7. 2 - $100 • What is the dominant phase of the life cycle in Bryophytes? • Gametophyte (n)

  8. 2 - $200 • What is the red arrow pointing to? What is the function of this structure? • The red arrow is pointing to a gemmae cup. This structure is used to reproduce asexually in Phylum Hepaticophyta (liverworts). The gemma detaches from parent and develops into a new individual (fragmentaion)

  9. 2 - $300 • Describe the male and female gametophyte (where are the sperm and egg produced?) Sperm are produced in antheridium (which is male gametophyte) Egg is produced in archegonium (female gametophyte)

  10. 2 - $400 • What do mosses need to reproduce? Why? • They need water! • Because the sperm are flagellated and need to swim to the egg • “Mosses do it in the rain” –Colbert

  11. 2 - $500 • What is this a photo of? What is the function of this? • Peristome teeth (located on sporophyte of mosses) • Function is to disperse spores

  12. 3 - $100 • During the Carboniferous period (~300MYA), what was the dominant plant vegetation on earth? • Seedless vascular plants!!!! • Shit ton of ferns

  13. 3 - $200 • What adaptations do seedless vascular plants have that bryophytes don’t have? • Thick waxy cuticle that minimizes water loss (i.e. prevents desiccation) • Aerial parts of plants not in contact w/ water and mineral nutrients; have vascular transport tissues consisting of xylem (water and minerals) and phloem (sugars)

  14. 3 - $300 • What is the dominant phase of the life cycle in seedless vascular plants? • Sporophyte (2N)

  15. 3 - $400 • Define homosporous vs heterosporous • Homosporous – one size of spore • Can be bisexual or hermaphroditic gametophytes • Heterosporous – two sizes of spores (different sexes; male and female)

  16. 3 - $500 • What are two water conducting cells found in xylem? • Tracheids and vessel elements – both increase structural support

  17. 4 - $100 • What does the word “gymnosperm” mean? • Naked seed

  18. 4 - $200 • What is the dominant phase of the life cycle in gymnosperms? • Sporophyte (2N)

  19. 4 - $300 • What phylum does this gymnosperm belong to? • Phylum Pinophyta

  20. 4 - $400 • What phylum does this Gymnosperm belong to? • Phylum Ginkgophyta

  21. 4 - $500 • Conifers is the common name used for what? • Both phylum pinophyta (pines, firs, spruces and larches) and phylum cupressophyta (yews, redwoods and sequoias)

  22. 5 - $100 • Which phase is dominant in the life cycle of in Angiosperms? • Sporophyte (2N)

  23. 5 - $200 • What is the difference between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms? • Gymnosperms have seeds which are naked • Angiosperms have seeds which have a protecting covering AND fruits

  24. 5 - $300 • What is the difference between pollination and fertilization? • Pollination is deposition of pollen on the stigma • Fertilization is fusion of egg and sperm

  25. 5 - $400 • The female portion of the flower is referred to as what? Male portion is referred to as? • Female = pistil • Male = stamen

  26. 5 - $500 • Ovules mature into _______ • Ovaries mature into _______ • Seeds • Fruits

  27. Final Jeopardy • What are viruses composed of? • Proteins • Nucleic acids • Sometimes lipids

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