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“Informal” Imperialism—Japan and Latin America

“Informal” Imperialism—Japan and Latin America. Nationalism, Imperialism, and World War I. The Opening of Japan. Fearing foreign influences, Japan’s rulers had cut Japan off from European trade in 1639.

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“Informal” Imperialism—Japan and Latin America

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  1. “Informal” Imperialism—Japan and Latin America Nationalism, Imperialism, and World War I

  2. The Opening of Japan • Fearing foreign influences, Japan’s rulers had cut Japan off from European trade in 1639. • Japanese citizens were forbidden to travel to other countries and foreigners were banned from Japan.

  3. The US Opens Japan • In 1853, the US sent a naval squadron under the command of Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan. • Perry was seeking better treatment for shipwrecked sailors and a supply port for ships sailing to China. • Japanese leaders opened doors to American trade. • Great Britain, Russia, and the Netherlands soon followed.

  4. The Meiji Restoration (1868-1912) • The Japanese samurai and daimyos criticized the Shogun for opening Japan to the west. • The Shogunate collapsed and the Japanese emperor was restored to power. • Emperor Meiji was convinced that Japan must adopt western ways to escape future domination by western powers.

  5. The Meiji Restoration • He sent scholars to study foreign technologies and customs. • Steamboats and railways were built and a new constitution was written. • Japan became the first non-Western country to adapt Western ways.

  6. Latin America • Although Spain had lost its colonies in the Americas, it still had control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and few islands in the Caribbean. • Cubans rebelled against the harsh working conditions of sugar cane workers in the 1890s. • A Spanish army brutally crushed the rebellion.

  7. Latin America • Many Americans were sympathetic to the Cuban rebels. • In 1898, the battleship USS Maine was mysteriously blown up in Havana harbor, killing 250 American sailors. • The US declared war and quickly defeated Spain.

  8. Latin America • As a result of the Spanish-American War, the US gained its first colonies—Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. • Cuba became independent but fell under American influence. • The US also annexed Hawaii.

  9. Latin America • The independent nations of Latin America became dependent on Great Britain and the US for their trade and economic prosperity. • Sometimes military strong men, Caudillos, were needed to keep order while maintaining trading ties with Europe.

  10. Latin America • The Panama Canal • American ships that wanted to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans had to 16,000 miles around the southern tip of South America. • The US wanted to build a canal across the narrow isthmus of Panama, but Panama was still a part of Columbia. • The Columbian government asked a high price to build the canal.

  11. Latin America • US President Theodore Roosevelt encouraged Panamanians to rebel. • Roosevelt protected the rebels who gave rights to the Panama Canal Zone—a 10 mile strip of jungle through the center of Panama. • It took 10 years to build. • Protecting the canal became important to the US.

  12. Latin America • On the basis of the Monroe Doctrine, American Presidents repeatedly sent armed forces to intervene in the area.

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