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Chronic Anemia in a Boxer Dog

05-Tomlinson. Chronic Anemia in a Boxer Dog. Julie Tomlinson, DVM Melanie Johnson, DVM, PhD, DACVP Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine. Signalment/History. 3-year-old, SF, Boxer Dog 2 month hx of anemia Previous treatments: Multiple blood transfusions

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Chronic Anemia in a Boxer Dog

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  1. 05-Tomlinson Chronic Anemia in a Boxer Dog Julie Tomlinson, DVM Melanie Johnson, DVM, PhD, DACVP Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  2. Signalment/History • 3-year-old, SF, Boxer Dog • 2 month hx of anemia • Previous treatments: • Multiple blood transfusions • Doxycycline • Prednisone • Vitamin K Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  3. Physical Exam • BAR • Pale mucous membranes • Grade IV/VI systolic murmur Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  4. Diagnostics • CBC • marked anemia (HCT=18.5%) • mild thrombocytopenia • mild mature neutrophilia • Serum Chemistry - WNL • PT, PTT – WNL • Direct Coombs – positive Direct Coombs Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  5. Diagnostics cont’d • Thoracic and abdominal radiographs – WNL • Abdominal ultrasound – WNL • Echocardiogram • mild tricuspid regurge Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  6. Blood Smear Evaluation • Markedly decreased red cell density • Moderate polychromasia and anisocytosis • Howell-Jolly bodies and metarubricytes • Mild thrombocytopenia • Megaplatelets • Mild left shift • And………… Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  7. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  8. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  9. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  10. Ancillary Diagnostics • Serology • B. gibsoni 1:640 • B. canis 1:320 B. gibsoni B. canis Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  11. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  12. Ancillary Diagnostics • Serology • B. gibsoni 1:640 • B. canis 1:320 • PCR • Positive for B. gibsoni Asian genotype B. gibsoni B. canis Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  13. Canine Babesiosis American Dog tick Dermacentor Variabilis • Hemoprotozoan • Genus Babesia • Ixodid tick vectors • Small and large piroplasms • Characterized by • Hemolytic anemia • Thrombocytopenia • Fever • Splenomegaly Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  14. Canine Babesiosis • Small piroplasms • B. gibsoni Asian genotype • B. gibsoni USA/California genotype • B. conradae • Theileria annae • Large piroplasms • B. canis rossi (Africa) • B. canis canis (Europe) • B. canis vogeli Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  15. Pathogenesis • Tick bite • Sporozoites • Endocytosis • Binary fission • Merozoites • Ingestion by tick • Gametes • Zygote • Hemolymph • Salivary gland Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  16. Diagnosis • Clinical pathology • Regenerative anemia • Thrombocytopenia • Coomb’s positive • Blood smear • Serology • IFA • ELISA • PCR Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  17. Conclusion • Tick transmitted hemoprotozoan • Small and large forms • Evolving nomenclature • Speciation • Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia • Blood smear, Serology, PCR Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  18. References • Birkenheuer AJ, Levy MG, Breitschwerdt EB: Development and evaluation of a seminested PCR for detection and differentiation of Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) and B. canis DNA in canine blood samples. 2003. Clinical Microbiology; 41(9): 4172-4177. • Boozer L, Macintire D. Babesia gibsoni: An Emerging Pathogen in Dogs. 2005. Compendium; 27(1): 33-41. • Kjemtrup AM, Conrad PA: A review of the small canine piroplasms from California: Babesia conradae in the literature. 2006. Vet Parasitology; 138: 112-117. • Muhlnickel CJ, Jefferies R, Morgan-Ryan UM, Irwin PJ: Babesia gibsoni infection in three dogs in Victoria. 2002. Aust Vet J; 80:606-610 • Taboada J, Lobetti R: Babesiosis, in Green CE (ed): Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat, 3rd ed. St. Louis, WB Saunders, 2006, pp 722-736. • Trapp SM, Messick JB, Vidotto O, Jojima FS, Autran de Morais HS: Babesia gibsoni genotype Asia in dogs from Brazil. 2006. Vet Parasitology; 141:177-180 • Zahler M, Rinder H, Zweygarth E, Fukata T, Maede Y, Schein E, Gothe R: Babesia gibsoni of dogs from North America and Asia belong to different species. 2000. Parasitology; 120:365-369. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  19. Questions? Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

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