Web Services Development in WebSphere v5

1. Web Services Development in WebSphere v5 by Tapas Banerjee CEO, Web Age Solutions Inc.

2. What are Web Services? • Applications that can be published, located and invoked programmatically over the Web. • XML-based (XML-in, XML-out). • Self-contained functions that can be used individually to provide services. • Good applications: • Business Information. • Business Integration • Business Process Externalization.

3. Service Oriented Architecture • A service-oriented architecture is created by services communicating with each other • The SOA architecture allows • Different systems and programming languages to talk to each other • Describes the service interface clearly • Allows search for needed services • It’s made up of - service provider, service broker and service requestor • Web Services implement this architecture

4. Web Services Supporting Architecture Standards Web Services rely on: • XML (eXtensible Markup Language). • UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration). • Publish and discover. • SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol). • Query UDDI, binding and use of services. • WSDL (Web Services Description Language). • Describe the interfaces of Web Services.

5. The Functions and Information Flow Service Broker UDDI Registry 2. Assign a unique ID and populate the registry Service Provider Service Consumer 1. Publish 3. Discover Web Service Client 4. Request/Response via SOAP

6. Web Services Programming Model • RPC-based: • Service-specific. • Synchronous model. • Similar to RMI and DCOM. • Message-based: • Document-driven. • Asynchronous model.

7. Web Services Programming APIs • APIs for RPC-based Web Services: • Sun’s JAX-RPC (Java API for XML-RPC) in WSDP. • Apache’s SOAP-RPC (Apache SOAP 2.3 ships with WAS5) • APIs for Message-based Web Services: • Sun’s JAXM (Java API for XML Messaging) in WSDP. • Apache’s SOAP-Message. • APIs for publishing and discovering Web Services: • Sun’s JAXR(Java API for XML Registry) in WSDP. • IBM’s UDDI4J.

8. JAXR – Java API for XML Registry • Enables Java programs to access XML registries. • JAXR provider: • Accesses XML registry. • A façade to a registry provider. • JAXR client: • A client program that accesses an XML registry using JAXR API. • Perform queries and update UDDI registries. • Sun’s registry browser • Included in WSDP download. • Is a JAXR client with GUI. • Allows to publish and search XML registries.

9. Other Web Services Concepts • Several other important Web Services concepts: • Web Services Invocation Framework • Web Services Inspection Language (WS-Inspection) • Workflows • Web Services Gateway • Web Services Security

10. Web Services Invocation Framework • Web Services Invocation Framework (WSIF) • A framework for the simple invocation of Web Services over a Java API. • Allows for maximum flexibility and late (even runtime) binding for clients

11. Web Services Inspection Language (WS Inspection) • A complementary technology to UDDI • A service discovery mechanism • XML-based model for building a list of references to existing Web Service descriptors

12. Workflow and Web Services • A Workflow description allows a process to be described as a sequence of discrete events (e.g. service calls) • A workflow engine can then parse the workflow description and execute the sequence automatically • Defines a business process

13. Workflow Languages • There are three web services workflow languages: • Web Services Flow Language (WSFL) • XML-based • Flow Definition Markup Language (FDML) • Similar to WSFL, but with extensions • Business Process Execution Language For Web Services (BPEL4WS) • A meeting of IBM's WSFL and Microsoft's XLANG

14. Web Services Gateway (WSGW) • The WSGW acts as an additional layer between a web service client, and a web service provider • Server side • Allows for better control over web service communication

15. The Gateway Administrative Console

16. Security Needs Since web services are inherently network based (and typically Internet-based), security is crucial Additionally, web service communication can be compromised at many levels

17. SOAP HTTP Request Example POST /SampleWebServiceWeb/servlet/rpcrouter HTTP/1.0 Host: localhost:9080 Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 526 SOAPAction: "" <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <SOAP-ENV:Body> <ns1:findDepartmentByName xmlns:ns1="http://tempuri.org/webservice.ejb.EmployeeDirectory" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"> <departmentName xsi:type="xsd:string">Sales</departmentName> </ns1:findDepartmentByName> </SOAP-ENV:Body> </SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

18. SOAP HTTP Response Example HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: WebSphere Application Server/5.0 Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=000050K5KBO5DKK1CC4A2J2VKIY:-1;Path=/ Cache-Control: no-cache="set-cookie,set-cookie2" Expires: Thu, 01 Dec 1994 16:00:00 GMT Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 659 Content-Language: en-US Connection: close <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <SOAP-ENV:Body> <ns1:findDepartmentByNameResponse xmlns:ns1="http://tempuri.org/webservice.ejb.EmployeeDirectory" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"> <return xmlns:ns2="http://bean.webservice/" xsi:type="ns2:Department"> <location xsi:type="xsd:string">Toronto</location> <name xsi:type="xsd:string">Sales</name> </return> </ns1:findDepartmentByNameResponse> </SOAP-ENV:Body> </SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

19. Different SOAP Implementations • SOAP4J - A Java reference implementation of the SOAP 1.1 specification. It now became the basis of the Apache SOAP 3.x project, also called Axis. • Apache SOAP 2.3 • Ships with WebSphere V5 • Important elements are • Rpcrouter and messagerouter servlets • The deployment descriptor • Type mapping registry

20. What is WSDL? • WSDL is an XML-based language for defining available Web Services and describing how to access the services, including URL endpoint, message format, encoding and required protocol. • Similar to IDL (Interface Definition Language) for CORBA, describing the services and how to use the services • WSDL 1.1 is the current standard. • Tools available to generate WSDL files.

21. UDDI Data Structure • Five data structure types: • businessEntity • businessService • bindingTemplate • publisherAssertion • tModel <publisherAssertion> Name description <businessEntity> name, contact, identification description, category <businessEntity> name, contact, identification description, category <businessService> (1..n) name description <businessService> (1..n) name description reference <bindingTemplate> <tModel> Name Description URL pointer to specification <bindingTemplate>

22. UDDI4J • IBM’s UDDI4J is a Java-based UDDI client API. • It provides package/classes for accessing UDDI registry (publishing and discovering). • UDDIProxy object is the client side proxy of the registry. • Program the UDDIProxy for publishing/discovering services.

23. Developing Web Services • Generate deployable web service from • Java Bean • DADX (XML/DB2 mapping documents) • Enterprise Java Bean • URL • Generate skeleton Java Bean and sample application from WSDL document • Web Services Client wizard also creates • Web Service Proxy as Java Bean • Sample JSP-based client application

24. Overall Workflow • Typical development path • Create a Web Project • Create/Import a resource from which to create a web service (Java Bean, EJB, DADX document, …) • Create a Web Service using Web Service Wizard • Publish a Business Entity, if required • Publish the Web Service

25. Creating a Web Service from a Java Bean • Typical steps: • Create/Import Java Bean into Web Project • Generate binding WSDL document using Web Service Wizard • Deploy Web Service to a Web Server • Generate client proxy • Generate sample client application • Then publish, discover and use web service

26. … from an EJB • Typical steps: • Create a Web Project • Create/Import EJBs into an EJB Project belonging to the same Enterprise Application Project as the Web Project • Update project dependencies • … then it’s “business as usual” • WSAD only generates a Web Service from a Stateless Session EJB • … but that session bean can always use entity beans!

27. Web Service Development Phases • Build • May start from Java code, then we generate WSDL from that • Or start from WSDL and build/morph Java code to match • Deployment • We can publish using • UDDI, WSIL or E-mailing customers • Run • Management

28. Different web service creation paths • From an existing application – bottom-up • Most common. We like to expose existing back-end systems for enterprise integration (EAI) purposes. • From WSDL, generate a completely new application – top-down • This may be due to a new spec imposed by a governing body • The wizards can create skeleton code from WSDL, we then fill up the details • Combine independent web services to provide new functionality. This route is similar to the façade design pattern.

29. Different WebSphere products – how do they fare? • There are three products in the WebSphere family that can be used • WSAD • WSAD IE • WebSphere SDK for web services (WSDK) family • All three can do bottom-up and top-down from JavaBeans • WSAD IE and WSDK can do bottom-up and top-down from EJB’s • Regular WSAD cannot do top-down for EJB’s I.e. cannot create EJB’s from WSDL.

30. … from XML schema • Generate Java Bean from XML schema • Create any project that works with Java source code (Java, EJB, Web, …) • Create/Import XML schema in the project • Start Web Services Wizard • Select Java beans for XML Schema. • Follow instructions to generate Java Beans • Now generate the Web Service from the new Java Bean

31. WSDK 5.0 • WebSphere SDK for Web Services • Entry level developer kit, free for development • But not for production or deployment • Runs on Windows 2000/XP and Linux • Based on Axis (Apache SOAP engine) • Has embedded application server (mini WebSphere 5.0) and a private UDDI registry • Supports SOAP 1.1, WSDL 1.1, UDDI 2.0, JAX_RPC 1.0, WSDL4J, UDDI4J and WS-Security

32. ETTK (previously called WSTK) • IBM Emerging Technologies Toolkit (previously called Web Services toolkit) • An IBM alphaworks technology, showcases technologies to come • Exposes the AXIS programming model • WSTK version 3.2.2 includes • WS-C/WS-Tx for transaction flows between components • Web Services matchmaking engine – Businesses submit advertisements. When a customers search matches an advertisement, a response is triggered • WSXL – For better handshaking of web services with portal applications

33. Web Services Deployment in WebSphere • If you are using WSAD 5, it is same as deploying an EAR file • If you are using WSAD 4 • Export the Web Service as a WAR • Use AAT to create an EAR • Use soapearenabler.bat to add SOAP services

34. Summary • We discussed • What are Web Services. • Web Services programming model. • How does a SOAP message look. • Developing Web Services. • Web Service Development Phases.