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The Rise of Segregation. Resistance and Repression. Most African Americans, immediately following the civil war were sharecroppers . Landless farmers who paid their landlords with crops to compensate for rent Many moved, seeking jobs in southern towns or headed west to claim homesteads.
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Resistance and Repression • Most African Americans, immediately following the civil war were sharecroppers. • Landless farmers who paid their landlords with crops to compensate for rent • Many moved, seeking jobs in southern towns or headed west to claim homesteads
Forming a Separate Alliance • The Colored Farmer’s National Alliance • Formed to help its members by setting up cooperatives • They supported the Populists in hopes that they would unite poor whites and blacks • challenging Democrats power in the South • Ultimately failed as Democrats began appealing to poor whites and promoting racism
Disfranchising African Americans • The 15th amendment prevented states from denying citizens the right to vote based on their race, color, etc. • Some southern states found a loophole • Prevented illiterate people and non-property owners from voting(included nearly all African Americans at the time).
Disfranchising African Americans • Mississippi was the first to institute a poll tax of $2 • Well over the means of poor African Americans • Miss. also installed a literacy test requiring all prospective voters know how to read • Many states soon followed suit and the number of African American voters fell drastically.
Legalizing Segregation • In the North, African Americans had been banned from many public places used by whites • In the South, segregationwas different because laws perpetuated and enforced the discrimination • Jim Crow Laws
Legalizing Segregation • In 1883, Supreme Court overturned the Civil Rights Act of 1875 which prohibited keeping people out of public places based on their race. • In response, many southern states passed laws that enforced segregation in virtually all public places
Plessy v. Ferguson • A supreme court ruling that came about when a black man (Homer Plessy) was arrested for riding in a “whites only” RR car. • He was breaking a Jim Crow law • The Supreme Court held up the law and expressed a new legal doctrine • “separate but equal” facilities for African Americans
Racial Violence • Brutality against African Americans increased greatly in the late 1800s • Between 1890-1899, there were 187 lynchingsin the US.
The African American Response • Ida B. Wells launched a campaign denouncing mob violence against African Americans • She gained a lot of support • Though congress never passed any anti-lynching laws, the number greatly decreased in the 1900s due to her efforts.
A Call for Compromise • Booker T. Washington • Founder of Tuskegee Institute • He proposed looking for economic achievement over political ones. • Urged African Americans to postpone the fight for civil rights and concentrate on preparing themselves educationally.
Voice of The Future • W.E.B. Du Boise strongly challenged BTW. • He said African Americans could only achieve equality by demanding their rights. • Concerned with protecting and exercising voting rights
AHSGE MATERIAL • Blue collar • White collar • Niagara Movement: group of black individuals who met to outline the agenda for African American progress in the US.
AHSGE MATERIAL • Niagara Movement’s goals: • Equal economic and political opportunities for blacks • End segregation • End discrimination in the court system, public facilities, and trade unions
