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Understanding Energy Transformations for High School Physics

This review covers energy transformations essential for the Georgia High School Graduation Test in Physics. Energy, defined as the ability to do work, is measured in joules (J) and directly linked to work done on objects. Key forms of energy include thermal, chemical, electromagnetic, nuclear, and mechanical energy. The review explains molecular motion as thermal energy, energy associated with chemical bonds, the nature of electromagnetic energy, and concepts of nuclear fission and fusion. It also addresses mechanical energy and the conversion between potential and kinetic energy.

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Understanding Energy Transformations for High School Physics

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  1. The Science Test Georgia High School Graduation Test

  2. Physics ReviewEnergy Transformations

  3. Energy • Energy can be defined as the ability to do work. • Because of the direct connection between energy and work, energy is measured in the same unit as work: joules (J). • In addition to using energy to do work, objects gain energy because work is being done on them.

  4. Forms of Energy • The five main forms of energy are: • Thermal • Chemical • Electromagnetic • Nuclear • Mechanical

  5. Thermal & Chemical Energy • The molecular motion of the atoms is called thermal energy • Thermal energy can be produced by friction • Thermal energy causes changes in temperature and phase of any form of matter • Chemical energy is required to bond atoms together. • And when bonds are broken, energy is released.

  6. Electromagnetic Energy • Light is a form of electromagnetic energy • Each color of light (Roy G Biv) represents a different amount of electromagnetic energy • Electromagnetic Energy is also carried by X-rays, radio waves, and laser light

  7. Nuclear Energy • Fission • the splitting of the atomic nucleus • Fusion • light nuclei fuse or combine

  8. Mechanical Energy • When work is done to an object, it acquires energy. The energy it acquires is known as mechanical energy

  9. Energy conversions • All forms of energy can be converted into other forms. Chemical  Heat Mechanical

  10. States of Energy • The most common energy conversion is the conversion between potential and kinetic energy. • All forms of energy can be in either of two states: • Potential - stored • Kinetic - motion

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