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Benvenuti al Mera-TeV!

Benvenuti al Mera-TeV!. 4-5-6 Ottobre 2011 Sala “POE” di OAB a Merate. Lorenzo Sironi. FATE DOMANDE!. Le domande sono gradite, anche prima della fine dei contributi.

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Benvenuti al Mera-TeV!

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  1. Benvenuti al Mera-TeV! 4-5-6 Ottobre 2011 Sala “POE” di OAB a Merate

  2. Lorenzo Sironi

  3. FATE DOMANDE! • Le domande sono gradite, anche prima della fine dei contributi. • L'incontro è volutamente informale, e lo spirito è orientato alla comprensione delle tematiche ed alla interazione tra i partecipanti.

  4. SOCIAL EVENT w Visita alle Cupole Zeiss e Ruths: Mercoledì 5, ore 18.15

  5. SOCIAL DINNER • Taverna dei Cacciatori – Imbersago • Ore 20.00 Mercoledì • Partenza da Osservatorio ore 19.45

  6. Pranzi e Pause Caffè • Pranzi: alle 13.00 nel parco, di fronte alla Cupola Ruths • Coffe Breaks: nella Biblioteca, piano seminterrato edificio principale.

  7. Buon Mera-TeV!!

  8. Beaming

  9. Radio-loud AGNs Gamma Ray Bursts ~ 10-5 Mo in a few sec G~300 ~ 0.1 Mo yr-1 G~20

  10. Text book special relativity Lorentz transformations: v along x x’ = G (x – vt) y’ = y z’ = z t’ = G (t – v x/c2) x = G (x’ + vt’) y = y’ z = z’ t = G (t’ + v x’/c2) for Dt = 0Dx = Dx’/GContraction for Dx’ = 0Dt = G Dt’time dilation To remember: mesons created at a height of ~15 km can reach the earth, even if their lifetime is a few microsec  ct’life=hundreds of meters.

  11. Can we see contracted spheres? v=0 G=1 v v=0.866c G=2 Einstein: Yes!

  12. v=0 G=1 James Terrel 1959 NO! Rotation, not contraction! Roger Penrose 1959 v v=0.866c G=2

  13. Relativity with photons From rulers and clocks to photographs and frequencies Or: from elementary particles to extended objects

  14. The moving square b=0 b=0.5 Your camera, very far away

  15. The moving square ltot = l’ (b+1/G) max:21/2l’ (diag) min: l’ (for b=0) t=l’/c l’/G vt=bl’

  16. l’cosa= bl’  cosa = b cos(p-p/2-a) = sina = 1/G l’ p/2-a

  17. a ) p/2-a

  18. p/2-a

  19. Time Dte = emission time in lab frame Dte’ = emission time in comov. frame Dte = Dte’ G CD = cDte – cDtebcosqDtA= Dte (1-bcosq)  DtA= Dte’ G(1-bcosq)

  20. 1 d = G(1-bcosq) Relativistic Doppler factor d DtA= Dte’ G(1-bcosq) n= n’ / G(1-bcosq) Standard relativity You remain in lab frame You change frame Doppler effect

  21. 1 d= G(1-bcosq) Relativistic Doppler factor d { 2G for q=0oG for q=1/G 1/Gforq=90o = At small angles, Doppler wins over Spec. Relat.

  22. 25 light years in 3 years… the velocity is 8.3 c

  23. v=0.99c Nucleo

  24. Dsapp b sinq vDtesinq bapp = =vapp = DtA 1-bcosq Dte (1-bcosq) There is no G. Correct? q=0o bapp=0 cosq=b; sinq=1/G  bapp=bG q=90obapp=b

  25. Aberration of light

  26. Aberration of light sinq = sinq’/d dW =dW’/d2

  27. Aberration of light v K K’ sinq = sinq’/d dW = dW’/d2

  28. I(n) I’(n’) = invariant = n3 n’3 erg E I(n) = = cm2 s Hz sterad dAdt dn dW Observed vs intrinsic Intensity I(n) = d3I’(n’)

  29. I(n) I’(n’) = invariant = n3 n’3 erg E I(n) = = cm2 s Hz sterad dAdt dn dW Observed vs intrinsic Intensity I(n) = d3I’(n’)

  30. I(n) I’(n’) = invariant = n3 n’3 erg E’d = I(n) = d3I’(n’) = cm2 s Hz sterad dA’dW’/d2 = = I F d4F’ d4I’ Observed vs intrinsic Intensity I(n) = d3I’(n’) dblueshift d time d2 aberration

  31. v=0 L=100 W

  32. v=0.995c G=10 L=0.6mW L=16MW L=10mW

  33. v=0.995c G=10 …….? blazars radiogalaxies

  34. v=0.995c G=10 blazars! blazars radiogalaxies

  35. v counterjet (invisible) jet v

  36. Radiation processes

  37. Line emission and radiative transitions in atoms and molecules • Breemstrahlung/Blackbody • Curvature radiation • Cherenkov • Annihilation • Unruh radiation • Hawking radiation • Synchrotron • Inverse Compton Radiation processes

  38. E V=0

  39. E V(g=2) Contracted sphere… E-field lines at time 9.00 point to… where the charge is at 9.00 Charge at time 9.00 Breaking news: what happens with the gravitational field?

  40. dP = e2a2sin2Q dW 4p c3 Stop at 8:00 V http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~phys1/java/phys1/MovingCharge/MovingCharge.html

  41. dP = e2a2sin2Q dW4p c3 P = 2 e2a2 3c3

  42. Synchrotron

  43. d e (gmv) FL = = v x B c dt Synchrotron • Ingredients: Magnetic field and relativistic charges • Responsible: Lorentz force • Curiously, the Lorentz force doesn’t work. q

  44. Total losses Pe = P’e P=E/t and E and t Lorentz transform in the same way Please, Pe is not Preceived!!

  45. 2e2 2e2 Pe = P’e = a’2 = (a’2 + a’2 ) 3c3 3c3 Total losses

  46. 2e2 2e2 Pe = P’e = a’2 = (a’2 + a’2 ) 3c3 3c3 Total losses a’|| = 0 a’ = g2a 2e2 Pe = P’e= g2 a2 3c3 ev B sinq a = g mc

  47. 2e2 2e2 Pe = P’e = a’2 = (a’2 + a’2 ) 3c3 3c3 2e4 PS(q) = B2g2 b2 sin2q 3m2c3 Total losses a’|| = 0 a’ = g2a 2e2 Pe = P’e= g2 a2 3c3 ev B sinq a = g mc

  48. 2e2 2e2 Pe = P’e = a’2 = (a’2 + a’2 ) 3c3 3c3 2e4 PS(q) = B2g2 b2 sin2q 3m2c3 Total losses a’|| = 0 a’ = g2a 2e2 PS(q) = 2sTcUBg2 b2 sin2q Pe = P’e= g2 a2 3c3 ev B sinq a = g mc

  49. 2e2 2e2 Pe = P’e = a’2 = (a’2 + a’2 ) 3c3 3c3 2e4 PS(q) = B2g2 b2 sin2q 3m2c3 <PS> = 4 sTcUBg2 b2 3 Total losses a’|| = 0 a’ = g2a 2e2 PS(q) = 2sTcUBg2 b2 sin2q Pe = P’e= g2 a2 3c3 ev B sinq a = g mc If pitch angles are isotropic

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