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Forming & Using New Memories

Forming & Using New Memories. I have a photographic memory but once in a while I forget to take off the lens cap. - Milton Berle. Basic Terminology. Encoding Storage Forgetting .

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Forming & Using New Memories

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  1. Forming & Using New Memories I have a photographic memory but once in a while I forget to take off the lens cap. - Milton Berle

  2. Basic Terminology • Encoding • Storage • Forgetting

  3. The model view of memory. Each box depicts a memory storage system. The arrows represent the transfer of information between systems.

  4. barricade • children • diet • gourd • folio • meter • journey • mohair • phoenix • crossbow • doorbell • muffler • mouse • menu • airplane

  5. Recency effect Primacy effect Word list for a serial positioncurve experiment (A); typical results (B). Free-Recall Experiments

  6. Sensory Memory • Icon(visual) • Experiment: partial-report technique R S K L P E C Q G T B M

  7. Sensory Memory • Echo (auditory) • Similar to icon, BUT: • Recall can be cued by category • Echoes have a larger capacity? • Echoes can last longer (up to 20 secs)

  8. Summary of Sensory Memory • Sensory memories • are modality specific • have relatively large capacity (although short storage time) • are relatively unprocessed (mostly physical, not meaningful, aspects)

  9. Short-Term Memory • Capacity • Miller’s “7 (plus or minus 2)” • Chunking M T V C B S F B I N F L

  10. Short-Term Memory • Coding C ? P F

  11. Short-Term Memory • Forgetting • Retention duration • Memory trace

  12. Short-Term Memory • Forgetting • Is forgetting caused by decay or interference? • Peterson-Brown task • But…! • Probe-digit task 4 9 8 5 7 3 9 6 0 4 9 8 7 2 6 5

  13. Short-Term Memory • Retrieval • How do we find information stored in memory?

  14. Targets C K M B

  15. Targets R Z A N S V

  16. A H D E L Sternburg experiment Predictions Step 1 Parallel search Step 2 A H D E L D D?

  17. A H D E L Sternburg experiment Predictions Step 1 A D? H Step 2 D D Serial serach

  18. A D? Sternburg experiment Predictions Self-terminating search Exhaustive search Serial serach

  19. Short-Term Memory • Retrieval • How do we find information stored in memory? • Serial search or parallel search? • Types of serial searches • Self-terminating search • Exhaustive search • Winner? • Serial, exhaustive search

  20. Working Memory Working Memory Central executive Visuospatial Sketch pad Phonological loop

  21. The filled circles designate activations in the verbal task, and the squares indicate activations in the spatial task.

  22. Neurological Studies H.M. case

  23. Neurological Studies • Anterograde amnesia • Retrograde amnesia

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