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Wit Busza

DoE Review of RHIC Program 9 July 2003. Wit Busza. Collaboration. Birger Back, Mark Baker, Maarten Ballintijn, Donald Barton, Bruce Becker, Russell Betts, Abigail Bickley , Richard Bindel , Andrzej Budzanowski, Wit Busza (Spokesperson), Alan Carroll,

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Wit Busza

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  1. DoE Review of RHIC Program 9 July 2003 Wit Busza

  2. Collaboration Birger Back,Mark Baker, Maarten Ballintijn, Donald Barton, Bruce Becker, Russell Betts, Abigail Bickley, Richard Bindel, Andrzej Budzanowski, Wit Busza (Spokesperson), Alan Carroll, Patrick Decowski, Edmundo Garcia, Tomasz Gburek, Nigel George, Kristjan Gulbrandsen, Stephen Gushue, Clive Halliwell, Joshua Hamblen,Adam Harrington,Conor Henderson, David Hofman, Richard Hollis, Roman Holynski, Burt Holzman, Aneta Iordanova,Erik Johnson, Jay Kane, Nazim Khan, Piotr Kulinich, Chia Ming Kuo,Jang Woo Lee, Willis Lin, Steven Manly, Alice Mignerey, Gerrit van Nieuwenhuizen, Aaron Noell, Rachid Nouicer, Andrzej Olszewski, Robert Pak, Inkyu Park, Heinz Pernegger, Corey Reed, Louis Remsberg, Christof Roland, Gunther Roland, Joe Sagerer, Pradeep Sarin, Pawel Sawicki, Iouri Sedykh, Wojtek Skulski, Chadd Smith, Peter Steinberg, George Stephans, Andrei Sukhanov, Ray Teng, Marguerite Belt Tonjes, Adam Trzupek, Carla Vale, Robin Verdier, Gábor Veres, Bernard Wadsworth, Frank Wolfs, Barbara Wosiek, Krzysztof Wozniak, Alan Wuosmaa, Bolek Wyslouch, Jinlong Zhang ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS KRAKOW MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY NATIONAL CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, TAIWAN UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER To date: 3 PhDs Currently:16 PhD students

  3. Early “Big Picture” 4-detector strategy for the initial RHIC program has turned out to be excellent: • Adequate overlap - Impressive agreement between all experiments • Complementary dNch/dh Low Pt Phenomena PHOBOS Mission Flexibility to Respond to First Results

  4. Bottom line: • RHIC environment has been good for PHOBOS • Strong support -from management ~for BNL Group ~for 20 GeV Run -from CAD Result: • PHOBOS has achieved to date more than we could have hoped for • >50% of our mission complete • We would have liked • More data • Energy scan • Species scan • A larger BNL Group BUT

  5. *Charged particle multiplicity near mid-rapidity in central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 56 and 130 AGeV Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3100 (2000){first published results from RHIC data} * Ratios of charged particles to antiparticles near mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at √sNN =130 GeV Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 102301 (2001)  *Charged-particle pseudorapidity density distributions from Au+Au collisions at √sNN =130 GeV Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 102303 (2001) *Centrality Dependence of Charged Particle Multiplicity at Midrapidity in Au+Au Collisions at √sNN =130 GeV Phys. Rev. C65, 31901R (2002).    *Energy dependence of particle multiplicities near mid-rapidity in central Au+Au collisions Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 22302 (2002){first published results from data at maximum energy} *Centrality Dependence of the Charged Particle Multiplicity near Mid-Rapidity in  Au+Au Collisions at √sNN =130 and 200 GeV Phys. Rev. C65, 061901R (2002).   *Pseudorapidity and centrality dependence of the collective flow of charged particles in Au+Au collisions at √sNN =130 GeV Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 222301 (2002) *Ratios of charged antiparticles to particles near mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at √sNN =200 GeV Phys. Rev. C 67, 021901R (2003) *The significance of the fragmentation region in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions Phys. Rev. Lett (In press).  *Comparison of the Total Charged-Particle Multiplicity in High-Energy Heavy Ion Collisions with e+e- and pp/pbar-p Data Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.   *Charged hadron transverse momentum distributions in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV Submitted to Phys. Lett.B   *Centrality Dependence of the Charged Hadron Transverse Momentum Spectra in d+Au Collisions at √sNN =200 GeV Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.  {jointly with STAR and PHENIX, first results from dAu run} >400 citations >150 citations first paper >36 citations/paper

  6. mini-pCal T0 SPECTRIG T0 pCal Flexibility to respond to results: Response to Importance of High PT Studies For 2003 run • Moved TOF walls back • 5 m from interaction point • New on-line high pT Spectrometer Trigger • New “time-zero” (T0) Cerenkov detectors • On-line vertexing and ToF start time • Forward proton calorimeters on Gold and Deuteron sides • DAQ upgrade (x10) 4π Multiplicity Detector 2 Arm Multiparticle Spectrometer

  7. What is the “Big Picture” as seen by PHOBOS?

  8. Baryon density at mid-rapidity rapidly decreases with energy K–/K+ p/p A+A central collisions PHOBOS 130 GeVPRL 87,102301,2001  PHOBOS 200 GeV PRC 67, 021901(R), 2003

  9. Energy density high; system must be partonic Total energy released ~2000GeV Max. initial overlap volume PRL 88, (2002) 22302 Initially released energy density >5GeV/fm3 Note: energy density inside proton ≈ 0. 5GeV/fm3 Number of Particles Produced at y=0 crossover Energy of Collision

  10. Medium is highly interactive Peripheral Central PRL 89 (2002) 222301 Elliptic flow: PHOBOS preliminary h+ + h- 200 GeV Au+Au v 2 0<h<1.5 (top 55%) 17% scale error

  11. Very few low momentum particles because of flow Au+Au sNN=200 GeV 15% central -0.1< y <0.4 (++) (K++K–) 1/ (2pT)d2N/dydpT (p+p) PHOBOS preliminary pT [GeV/c]

  12. 0.2<yp<1.4 Data: PHOBOS, nucl-ex/0302015 Submitted to Phys Lett B Jet-quenching: further evidence that medium interacts strongly and that parton density is very high. peripheral central

  13. Jet-quenching is not an initial state effect! PHOBOS d+Au: nucl-ex/0306025, submitted to PRL recent dAu data central dAu central Au+Au All syst. uncertainties: 90% C.L.

  14. Comparisons with models

  15. PHOBOS Central Au+Au (200 GeV) 600 1200 Compilation by K. Eskola Rapidity Density Particle Multiplicity Hadron multiplicities at RHIC well described by Parton Saturation Kharzeev & Levin, Phys. Lett. B523 (2001) 79 Color Glass Data: PHOBOS, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 102303 (2001) From Eskola, QM 2000

  16. dAu data disfavor initial state interpretation of Au+Au high-pT suppression PHOBOS d+Au: nucl-ex/0306025, submitted to PRL For example, Vitev(pQCD) predicts 15% increase Kharzeev, Levin, McLerran (parton saturation) predict 25-30% decrease over this range of centrality All syst. uncertainties: 90% C.L.

  17. Some surprises Accidental, trivial or profound?

  18. Limiting fragmentation is valid in AA collisions! Central Collisions Collision viewed in rest frame of CM: PHOBOS 200 GeV PHOBOS PHOBOS 19.6 GeV 130 GeV dN d  Collision viewed in rest frame of one nucleus: Peripheral Collisions PHOBOS Au+Au p + p dN/dh¢ 6% central dNch/dh ¢/<Npart>/2 UA5 PRL in press

  19. Scaling with Npart of midrapidity multiplicity inconsistent with naïve expectations: Au+Au yields normalized to corresponding pp value for all three energies 200GeV 130GeV 19.6GeV (PRELIMINARY) pp Errors from Au+Au only Midrapidity |h|<1 Data inconsistent with the following picture: dNch/dh Slow quark Fast quark PHOBOS Au+Au 200 GeV PRC 65 (2002) 061901R 130 GeV 19.6 GeV preliminary pp

  20. Preliminaryv2200 Final v2130 Flow is anything but boost invariant! v2 200 GeV PRL 89, 222301 130 GeV <Npart>~190 PHOBOS Au-Au h

  21. Amazing similarity of multiplicity in e+e- and AA collisions e+e- Au+Au Number of Particles Produced Energy of Collision Submitted to PRL

  22. Why high PT particle yield scales approximately with Npart? PHOBOS, nucl-ex/0302015,submitted to Phys. Lett. B Is medium completely opaque? Are high PT particles emitted only from surface?

  23. PHOBOS Research program is >50% completed What are the needs to complete PHOBOS mission?

  24. 1. Energy scan Where located? At what energy does jet-quenching switch off? Submitted to Phys. Lett. B

  25. 2. Species scan AuAu dAu Also needed for better understanding of the geometry of the collision, in particular for peripheral collisions

  26. 3. More AuAu data at maximum energy for fluctuation studies, K+K-, etc. 4. More pp at 200 GeV and pp at 400-500 GeV -baseline for comparisons with AuAu

  27. Summary • 4 detector strategy is working well • Where there is overlap, impressive agreement between all detectors • RHIC environment has given PHOBOS the opportunity to complete >50% of its planned research program • PHOBOS collaboration served well by the BNL PHOBOS Group • In operations • In data handling • In physics analysis • The contribution of PHOBOS to the RHIC mission • Major contribution in obtaining early on in the program the “Big Picture” • Observation of several unexpected results • Scaling properties • Similarities with e+e- collisions • Pioneered the use of ROOT, (and more recently PROOF) in HI community

  28. Summary continued • Unfinished parts of PHOBOS mission • High statistics AuAu and pp runs @ 200 GeV • Species scan • Energy scan • pp at 400 or 500 GeV • Phobos has some unique capabilities -we would like to finish the program in a timely fashion

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