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Disparities Of Development.

Disparities Of Development. Lesson Sequence. What are disparities of Development. Achievement standard copied. What does the word disparities mean? What does development mean? What Countries are developed what countries are developing?

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Disparities Of Development.

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  1. Disparities Of Development. Lesson Sequence.

  2. What are disparities of Development. • Achievement standard copied. • What does the word disparities mean? • What does development mean? • What Countries are developed what countries are developing? • Copy down pg 2 developed and developing (brodie and wood) • What do you have to do before you get development? Copy down diagram pg 3 (Hensman)

  3. Developing Development. • Review developing spiritual and material needs: • To be happy What do we want/need? Does this make us truly happy? • Movement spiritual needs. Notes: • Spiritual Needs vs material needs.doc

  4. Developing Development • Read bottom of page 10 Ideas about development. • What is Western Concepts? • Capitalism: What is it? What are some problems with it? • Socialism: What is it? What are some problems with it? • Totalitarianism: What is it? What are some problems with it? • Activities Pg 10 1,2A,B

  5. Development models/theories • Rostow model economic take off. • Marx socialist model of uprising of the peasants. • Copy in boxes on each of the theorists pg 11. • ..\Rostow vs notes.doc • Dominance dependence model pg 12 copy in: What colonies have developed? Why have these countries developed? Why have others not been able to develop? Explain neo-colonialism. • Schumacher + Club of Rome model Pg 13- Explain in your own words what each is showing. Question 2 pg 13 • Conflicting perceptions pg 14

  6. Cartoon

  7. Measuring Development • Brandt Report Article Print out • Discussion of Brandt Report. • Hand out sheet – Poor south Rich North and Mapping exercise. • Cartoon interpretation.

  8. Measuring Development

  9. Measuring Development • What are Rich countries usually called? • What are poor countries usually called? • ..\..\..\My Documents\Development Indicators.doc • Ways development can be measured pg 6 Brodie.

  10. Measuring Development • How can we accurately decide how developed somewhere is? • To compare different levels of development, we look at development indicators. These are sets of data or measurements that can be used to compare countries or places. If up to date and gathered accurately they can give a good insight into how a country is developing.

  11. Measuring Development • Different indicators can be divided into three main groups. These are: • Economic • Social • Environmental • Development Indicators may be • Quantitative (objective) • Qualitative (subjective)

  12. Measuring Development • Quantitative Indicators • Quantitative indicators are numerical indications of development. • There are hundreds of quantitative development indicators • infant mortality/1000 • telephones/1000 • birth rates/1000 • death rates/1000 • Life Expectancy • Urban Population % • People/T.V.

  13. Other measurements of Development • Cloze activity review • Social (demographic) indicators include the birth rate, death rate and fertility rate.[4] • Health indicators include nutrition (calories per day, calories from protein, percentage with malnutrition), infant mortality and population per doctor. • Economic indicators include unemployment rates, energy consumption and percentage of GNP in primary industries.

  14. Composite Indicators • Composite indicators combine several quantitative indicators into one figure and generally provide a more balanced view of a country. Usually they include one economic, one health and one educational indicator. • PQLI – pg 8 Brodie • HDI etc Hand-out

  15. Qualitative Indicators • Qualitative Indicators are objective. They are open for interpretation. • They include descriptions of how people are living and look and their quality of life rather than the economic standard of living. They are difficult to convert to numbers and therefore are hard to measure. • They include: Freedom, Corruption, Security, Happiness, Women’s rights, spiritual and emotional satisfaction. • A number of these are not that effective as they are states of mind rather than what the environment is actually offering.

  16. Tanzania • Mapping Tanzania will have to learn how to draw it without tracing. Do eg on whiteboard. • Locate and label – Mt Kilimanjaro, Mt Meru, Lake Victoria, Arusha, Dodoma, Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, Zanzibar, Mbeya, Tanga, Serengeti national park, Lake Tanganyika • On outline map of Africa locate Tanzania and the closest 10 countries that are around it. • Explain 4 things about the location of Tanzania. • Construct 2 climate graphs Using info pg 42. Brodie

  17. Climate • Using information gained from Climate Graph – Explain the difference between the two cities. • Look at a map and explain the difference in location. • Why has this difference in location made for such a different climate. • Tanzania Climate.doc

  18. Climate • Shinyanga and Dodoma compared to Dar Es Salaam and Zanzibar show how large a influence the climate can create. • 4 Box diagram on w.b- How does the rainfall differ between these regions – How does it affect the development of these regions. • Using hand out which gets collected back! Pick the following out (Rainfall essay). • Key statistics and the context they were used in. • Key points about how Climate creates disparities.

  19. Natural Factors (Soil) • Hand-out – Effect of natural factors • Soil Type – Tanzania has places with rich volcanic soils but poor climatic conditions. Soils in the centre and west can be sterilised by drought losing fertility, and are washed away easily in sudden downpours or blown away by wind. Soils on the coast and northern areas are fertile. • In Tanzania Agriculture provides 50% of national production and employs 82% of workforce. Half the farmers in Tan are subsistence farmers only. Only 10-15% of the land in Tanzania is suitable for Farming. Droughts have hit the north Hard in recent years.

  20. Natural Factors • In small groups explain how Soil affects different regions of Tanzania • Looking at a map find and explain the Geographical location of Tanzania. • This means latitude, Longitude, What Ocean it is bordering.

  21. Location • Location – Tanzania is located between 6˚ - 13˚ south of the equator so has a mainly equatorial climate. This creates issues to do with crop growth and diseases such as malaria which thrive in warm and wet areas. • Tourist areas in the north of Tanzania are located there because of its national parks and geographical features like Kilimanjaro, the Serengeti Plain and the Ngorogoro Crater. Tourism contributes 16% of Tanzania’s GDP. Central and western areas have little tourism so do not benefit in the same way as the north, creating differences in development.

  22. Location • Question: How does the location of Tanzania create disparities – Answer in reference to Tanz itself and also in reference to the different regions. • Agriculture. • Climate • Relief • Soil • Accessibility • Using terms above explain how location can affect development in Tanzania.

  23. So where do the disparities exist? • The main disparities in Tanzania exist between _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _. • Also between Male and Female. • Using pg 49 and 50 copy in figs 5.5, 5.6 and 5.7 • For each table write a generalisation. • Complete activities 2,3 and 4 from page 50

  24. The Rural Poor and the Urban Elite • 82% of Tanzania’s population are employed in the primary sector of agriculture. • 50% of Tanzania’s GNP come from agriculture. • 50% of all farmers in Tanzania are subsistent. • Only 20% of Tanzanians live in urban areas. • Main crops produced are coffee, cotton, sisal and nuts. • So then why are the Rural not rich when agriculture is the main industry?

  25. Natural Factors affecting agriculture in Tanzania • Only 15% of land is suitable for agriculture. • Much of this land was initially covered in tropical rainforest but was cleared for ag. • Soil is poor. • Land is threatened by desertification. • Climate hot and dry and prone to drought especially inland where there is no rain often for up to 4 months.

  26. Minerals • Tanzania has minerals (iron, copper and gold) but is still developing the infrastructure to develop them. The government is making progress and mining provides employment. Minerals include: natural gas, oil, iron, diamonds, gold, salt, phosphates, coal, gypsum, kaolin and tin. • Using your knowledge on development dependence theory explain how Mineral deposits can create disparities.

  27. Extreme Natural Events • Hand-out. • Answer the following question in book using hand-out. • When have droughts occurred. • What aid was given for these droughts. • What regions of Tanzania did the droughts happen to? • How were people affected?

  28. ENE • Explain where floods have occurred and the effect of these floods. • How has El Nino affected Tanzania • How have Cyclones affected Tanzania?

  29. Males Vs. Females • Other than Rural and Urban the main disparities occurring in Tanzania are between _ _ _ _ _ AND _ _ _ _ _ _ _. • Copy paragraph page 50. • Make 2 generalisations about female access to education fig 5.8 pg 50 you must compare to males. • Copy fig 5.9 pg 51 • Complete activities 1-4 from 51 • Maasai girls article.

  30. Gender Inequalities • Men and women do not even come close to equality in social, economic and political terms. Women’s roles are still proscribed (controlled/restricted) while men dominate all sectors of society. • Women’s education is low compared to men. • Female literacy is 70%, men’s 85%. • Women’s health is generally lower than men’s but they do however have a higher life expectancy of 46 years compared to 44 years.

  31. Maasai • Maasai women are taught only what is required to be good wives and mothers. • Women make up over half (53%) of AIDS cases. • 340/100,000 die in child birth, this is much higher of course in rural areas. • Women’s participation politically is almost non-existent except in large cities.

  32. Government • History road! • Germany arrived in Kilimanjaro in the 1840’s • British reached Lake Tanganyika by 1857 • Germans colonised tanz in late 1800’s • Germany’s defeat in WW1 meant there rule over Africa ended and most of Tanzania was given to the UK

  33. Government • Became a United Nations trust territory Under UK Rule • In 1954 the Tanganika African Nation Union (TANU) and president Julius Nyerere guided Tanganyika to independence. • 1961 the country became Autonomous with Nyerere as PM

  34. Govt • 1962 Nyerere was elected president of Tanganyika when the country became a republic with the commonwealth in 1962. • Zanzibar had a much stormier path to independence and wasn’t given back to Tanz from the British until 1964 • In 1995 Multiparty state elections were held Benjamin Mkapa was given the role as President • The current President in Jakaya Mrisho Kikiwete

  35. Ujamaa • Who, What, where , when, why • Copy in anti-capitalist ideals and socialist ideals. • Re-write in notes what Nyerere tried to do. • Explain what the results were in note form. • Explain the other problems • Dismantling Ujamaa. • notes

  36. HEALTH

  37. USA! • Introduction to USA • Quiz.

  38. Inequalities USA • Copy in green paragraph top of pg 23. • Mapping jig-saw. • Trace map • Add the info pg 23. • Brainstorm main ethnic groups in USA and why they there. • Copy in Table pg 23

  39. Ethnic groups • African Americans: 50% Of all Black people live in the northern part of the USA. However the highest concentrations are in the south due to slavery and plantation work. Mississippi has the highest percentage 35.4% black, New York has the greatest number 2.86 million. • Hispanics: Second largest ethnic minority. Hispanics from south and central America are mainly found in California, New Mexico and Texas. Puerto Ricans are concentrated in New York and Cubans in Florida.

  40. Questions Answer questions on page 25. • Make a generalisation about each map. • Trace in USA map and add in the states. • On the map show where most of the black and Hispanic live. • Discuss Employment blue collar, white, service sector. • Answer Questions pg 26.

  41. Employment • Pg 26,27 • Answer questions as class • Generalise fig 4.8 • Dictation paragraphs (The glass ceiling) • Richest and poorest from fig 4.10 using maps. • Answer questions pg 28 using full sentences. • Copy in paragraph pg 28 Try and answer questions at the bottom. Discuss as class.

  42. Poverty • Explain what poverty is using pg 28 • Explain what the graph is showing. • Using data from pg 27 and assuming most people have 2 kids. Show which area/ethnic group has the most poverty and which has the least. • Notes Copy the following in. • 25% of Mississippi’s population live below the poverty line. In places like the northeast (e.g. New Hampshire and Vermont), less than 10% live below the poverty line.

  43. Why the poor south and West? • There are some historical reasons for this. The west coast was one of the last to be populated, mainly by Europeans, but the southern states are still suffering from the legacy of slavery. High crime and low education rates amongst blacks in the southern states indicate that, despite civil rights legislation, there are large social disparities between ethnic groups.

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