Lecture 2 System Identification ISE10 2 Spring 200 7

1. Lecture 2 System Identification ISE102 Spring 2007

2. Topics • System Identification Process • System Identification Exercise • System Design Discussion • Waterfall • Spiral development • Costing

3. Formulation Analysis Interpretation Steps and Phases

4. What is a System? • Group of Components that work together for a purpose • Service • Product • Process • Attributes: discernable manifestations of the components • Relationships are links between Components & Attributes

5. System Life-Cycle One-Phase System Definition System Development System Deployment Formulation Formulation Formulation Analysis Analysis Analysis Interpretation Interpretation Interpretation

6. What is a System Life Cycle • System Planning and Marketing • Research Development Testing and Evaluation • System Acquisition & Deployment & Production

7. Acquisition & Production System Deployment System Definition System Definition System Deployment System Definition System Deployment System Development System Development System Development Formulation Formulation Formulation Formulation Formulation Formulation Formulation Formulation Formulation Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Interpretation Interpretation Interpretation Interpretation Interpretation Interpretation Interpretation Interpretation Interpretation RDT&E Planning & Marketing

8. The Many Systems Frameworks • Logically: 3 steps • Define • Develop • Deploy • Temporally: 3 Life-cycle Process • Planning & Marketing • Research, Development, Test & Evaluation • Acquisition & Production Life Cycle • Perspectives: 3 Stages • Formulation of the Problem • Analysis of the Alternatives to its Solution • Interpretation of the Analyses and Selection of the Alternative(s)

10. Preliminary Design • System Functional Analysis • Functions Identified • Operational • Maintenance • Disposal/Retirement • Synthesis & Allocation • Allocation of performance factors, design, effectiveness requirements • Allocation of Support requirements

11. Preliminary Design • System Optimization • Systems, subsystem tradeoffs and evaluation of alternatives • System & Subsystem Analysis • System Synthesis & Definition • Prelim Design Performance Configuration • Models, brass board, prototype development and testing

12. Detailed Design • Product Design • Prime components designed (Hdwr/Sfwr) • Maintenance & Logistical Support • Data Documentation • System Analysis and evaluation (including training footprint) • Design Review • System Prototype Development • System prototype Test & Evaluation • Design tests and test sequences • Identify data requirements • Identify analytic requirements

13. Waterfall Process for System D&D

14. Software Development Responsibilities

15. V User Requirements & System Specification Operation & Maintenance & Retrofit Customer Perspective– Purposeful Enterprise Architecture Preliminary Conceptual Design Integrate & Test Functional Architecture Perspective Detailed System Design Verification & Test Modules System Developer Perspective System Production System Production Perspective

16. Concurrent Engineering • Simultaneous consideration of all elements/components in a system across the product lifecycle

19. Market Share Loss Real Val= (gain* pr) -(loss*pr) Sum Defect Losses Test Time

20. Spiral Hypothesis Testing

24. Course Project • Formulation of the System • Needs to be fulfilled • Requirements & Objectives • Constraints and Degrees of Freedom • Alternatives to above • System Definition & Identification Process • What is your system? • What is its purpose? • What are its Components (structural operating & flow), Attributes and Relationships? • What are the attributes that define its state?

25. Preliminary Design • System Functional Analysis • Functions Identified • Operational • Maintenance • Disposal/Retirement • Synthesis & Allocation • Allocation of performance factors, design, effectiveness requirements • Allocation of Support requirements

26. Process of Problem Identification & Definition • Identify Source Documents: • What is said about the problem, product, system • Identify Originating Requirements from Source Documentation • What originating requirements • What Functional requirements

27. Ways to avoid being Wrong • Scope & Bound the Problem • Identify the Needs, Objectives, and criteria • Scope • Identify the Parameters, Variables, and Constraints • Bound

28. Nomenclature • Parameters: the factors that define alternatives & determine its behavior i.e. the things that can be altered • Variables are the things that change once the parameter change is in place • State variables that can be measured to define system state

29. System Definition Matrix Scope Bound Needs Objt Criteria Params Var Constrnt

30. Input/Output Matrix Outputs Inputs Intended Unintnd Unintnd Intended ReqDef Design Production

32. Exercise for Identification

33. Steps/Perspectives for System Engineering (Formulation) • Formulation of the System • Needs to be fulfilled • Requirements & Objectives • Constraints and Degrees of Freedom • Alternatives to above • Value System Design • Identification of the objectives and goals that guide alternative selection • Definition of multi-dimensional attributes or decision criteria • Identification and validation of objective measures • System Synthesis • Generation of alternative course of action and associated measures of effectiveness

34. Action Reference Framework • To (do something) to (something) somehow • Action , object, modifier • Used to describe a process Functional Decomposition is to develop a description of what the system must do – not necessarily tied to how the system must do it.

35. Action/Task Action/Task Action/Task Action/Task Action/Task Action/Task Functional Flow Block Diagram Boolean Operator

36. Hierarchic Structure for Decomposition • Sub Functions operate on input/output consistent with the higher levels of the hierarchy • Models the flow of data or objects in a system

37. Major Functional Techniques • Structural Analysis Decision Technique (SADT) • Integrated Definition Language (IDEF) • IDEF 0 functional decomposition • IDEF 1 informational decomposition • Data Flow Diagrams/Control Diagrams

38. ICOM Control Activity Inputs Outputs Mechanism

39. Method of Analysis • Shows roles of information and materials with respect to activity • Each ICOM represents an activity or business step that can be broken down • Inputs: information/material used to produce activity output • Controls: Constraints on an activity • Mechanisms: That perform processing or provide energy to the activity (people or machines as mechanisms) • Output: The product of the activity

40. Context Diagram Control Activity Inputs Outputs A0 : Purpose : Viewpoint Mechanism

41. Steps in Functional Decomposition • Develop Context Diagram of Full System • Decompose System to Sub-elements (ICOMS fro all) • Define Business Rule/Model • AS-Is the descriptive scenario • To-Be the future business or process model • Analysis of activities, gather costs, trace costs to activities, establish output measures, analyze costs

42. Steps/Perspectives for System EngineeringAnalysis • System Analysis & Modeling • Identification of the impacts and consequences of alternative approaches to system solution • Identification of the quality, market, reliability, cost, effectiveness, benefits, longevity, aesthetics… of alternative system solutions • Iterative Refinement of Alternatives • Sensitivity Analysis and Parameter Identification