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Chlorella for Biofuel and Aquaculture Feed

Growing Chlorella for Algae-Oil Biofuels and Aquaculture Feeds Aquaculture Sustainability Conference Yantai, China Kevin Fitzsimmons and George Lin. Chlorella for Biofuel and Aquaculture Feed. Chlorella cell. Chlorella raceway in Arizona. Chlorella for Biofuel and Aquaculture Feed.

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Chlorella for Biofuel and Aquaculture Feed

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  1. Growing Chlorella for Algae-Oil Biofuels and Aquaculture Feeds Aquaculture Sustainability Conference Yantai, ChinaKevin Fitzsimmons and George Lin

  2. Chlorella for Biofuel and Aquaculture Feed Chlorella cell Chlorella raceway in Arizona

  3. Chlorella for Biofuel and Aquaculture Feed • Lipids (oil droplets) form in several types of algae, but greens, can be harvested and easily transformed to biodiesel.

  4. Chlorella for Biofuel and Aquaculture Feed Several species of Chlorella with varied production characteristics Some species and strains can produce 60,000 – 100,000 liters per hectare of algae biomass 40% of this biomass can be oil Oil (long chain fatty acids) can be easily converted to diesel fuel Chlorella from a raceway culture in Arizona Chlorella strains and species in cold storage

  5. Photobioreactor Design Scale Up Investigations: Flow Velocity Sparging Rate Mixing Rate Initial Density Light Levels Nutrients CO2

  6. Photobioreactor Design Heigth/Depth ratios Flow Velocity Bubble Size Mixing Rate Initial Density Light Levels

  7. Photobioreactor Designs

  8. Raceways in Jeddah,Saudi Arabia with Chlorella Bioreactor with Chlorella in Beijing Raceways in Puerto Peñasco, Mexico Chlorella raceways in Arizona Algae tanks at ERLab, Tucson

  9. Chlorella for Biofuel and Aquaculture Feed Chlorella culture in greenhouse bioreactor, Beijing

  10. Chlorella for Biofuel and Aquaculture Feed Bioreactor and raceway production

  11. Chlorella for Biofuel and Aquaculture Feed • Production problems • Contamination with non-target algae • Introduction of grazers • Self shading or limiting nutrients

  12. Chlorella for Biofuel and Aquaculture Feed

  13. Chlorella for Biofuel and Aquaculture Feed

  14. Chlorella for Biofuel and Aquaculture Feed • Problems with harvest • Batch harvest or continuous • Screen • Flocculation • Electrostatic • Centrifugation

  15. Chlorella for Biofuel and Aquaculture Feed Harvesting • Rotating screen filters • Water passes through, how much algae can be caught in:60 µm screen?20 µm screen? 5 µm screen?

  16. Chlorella for Biofuel and Aquaculture Feed • Separation of oil from algae cells • Mechanical press • Hexane extraction • Supercritical CO2 • Sonication

  17. Oils found in Greenhouse culture of Chlorella • Found in many algal species • Essential part of the nutritional requirement of almost all organisms

  18. Super Critical CO2 Pressure Pulse Cracking of Algae Cells Advantages of ScCO2 • Green technology - alternate to use of harmful solvents • Synergy - CO2 vapor can be used to feed the algae • Efficiency - Anticipated efficiencies as high as 95% for algae oil extraction • Proven - for other technologies, ex. Caffeine extraction • Improvement - Downstream process is anticipated to be enhanced

  19. Critical Factors to Develop scCO2 Algae Oil Extraction Process Basis – 1 dry ton/ day algae Make up – 700 kg/day, Available for algae pond – 700 kg/day

  20. By-product uses Aquaculture feeds Cells are still high in protein, carbohydrates, micronutrients and phytochemicals Larval shrimp, fish, molluscs, crabs, worms Ornamental fishes Natural color in salmon Sources of beta-carotene, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and other carotenoids

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