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Building Communication With Access for All

Learn about accessibility in web design, including the importance of compliance with the law, serving your clientele, and reaching a waiting market.

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Building Communication With Access for All

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  1. Building Communication With Access for All Richard B. EllsSenior WebmasterUniversity of Washingtonrells@cac.washington.edu IEEE IPCC2007

  2. Introduction The Web is a fundamental means of communication and service for all of us. We want our Web pages and applications to work for anyone interest in them, including people with handicaps. This goal can be achieved by careful attention to standards and by awareness of alternative experiences of interaction with what we create. IEEE IPCC 2007

  3. Explosion • … in hardware capabilities • … in software complexity, capabilities • … in access devices, including assistive technologies • … in rich media, interactive applications • … in uses for the Web • … in reliance on the Web and Internet in conducting business and delivering services IEEE IPCC 2007

  4. What is Accessibility? Accessibility is the degree to which a Web site or service is available to and usable by a person with a disability. If they can successfully meet their needs in coming to the site, the site is accessible. IEEE IPCC 2007

  5. Why Care About Accessibility? • Compliance with the law • Keeping talent • Serving your clientele • A waiting market • Because you care • A sound technical approach IEEE IPCC 2007

  6. Why Care:Compliance With the Law • Government, education, and public institutions • Section 508 of the US Rehabilitation Act requires Federal sites be accessible • Used by many states • W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) • Framework for many laws in Europe • Courts may find private Web sites are a “public accommodation” covered by 508 as they become more essential to the delivery of public services IEEE IPCC 2007

  7. Why Care:Keeping Talent • Important parts of our workforce are aging • Selecting inaccessible software could force capable people out of their roles • Poorly considered design changes can make a needed Web site or service suddenly unusable • A valued employee developing a common disability could be prevented from continuing their career IEEE IPCC 2007

  8. Why Care: Serving Your Clientele • Many institutions by definition serve people with disabilities • Education • Social services • Banks and other financial services • Government IEEE IPCC 2007

  9. Why Care: A Waiting Market • About 12% of people between 16 and 24 have some form of disability (21 million people) • Aging segments of the population develop limitations and impairments that can be addressed with software, if the services they want to use are designed to interact well with such software IEEE IPCC 2007

  10. Why Care: Because You Care • Consideration and inclusion of people differently-abled than the norm is a positive and necessary value for many institutions • Including the disabled yields benefits • Gives richness to the enterprise • Depth to learning and team experiences • Remind us of the breadth of human experience and ability IEEE IPCC 2007

  11. Why Care: A Sound Technical Approach • Technical methods for supporting adaptive and assistive technologies are the same as those used to ensure support of a wide range of access devices • By doing professional quality Web management, you are already doing much of which is included in accessible Web design IEEE IPCC 2007

  12. Disabilities • Cognitive impairment • Dyslexia • Physical impairment • Limited dexterity • Sensory impairment • Blind • Deaf IEEE IPCC 2007

  13. Disabilities: Cognitive disabilities Dyslexia, learning disabilities, hyperactivity • Supporting the person’s interaction with content • Software that speaks highlighted text • Search that suggests alternative spellings IEEE IPCC 2007

  14. Disabilities: Physical Impairment Poor motor control • Keyboard navigable user interface design (fully functional without using the mouse) • Specialized keyboards and pointing devices • Sip and puff IEEE IPCC 2007

  15. Disabilities: Sensory Impairment Low contrast vision, color blindness, blind, deaf • Text to voice conversion • Tactile interface • Selected colors • Alternative stylesheet • Alternative texts for graphics • Transcripts provided for audio IEEE IPCC 2007

  16. How AT Works • Programs • Adaptive Technology API • Web sites • Static • Dynamic • Interactive Dynamic (AJAX) IEEE IPCC 2007

  17. How AT Works:Programs • Aspects of Accessibility APIs • Standardized roles for interface divisions • Standardized properties for elements • Focus management • Interaction model • Device navigation mappings • Semantics interpretation • Change notification IEEE IPCC 2007

  18. How AT Works:Web Pages • Standards-based • Semantic markup • Alternative text for non-text objects • Association • Tables • Forms IEEE IPCC 2007

  19. How AT Works: Web Pages • Early AT simply scrapped text • Current AT can read the HTML or DOM • Utilizes semantic text element types such as headers • Generally page by page • Current AT has difficulty with dynamically updated page content • Hard to track where and when changes occur IEEE IPCC 2007

  20. Web Technology Improvements • Device Independence • Standardization • HTML/XHTML • DOM • Scripting • Adaptive Technology • Rich Media IEEE IPCC 2007

  21. How AT Works:Simple HTML IEEE IPCC 2007

  22. How AT Works:HTML And Javascript IEEE IPCC 2007

  23. How AT Works:HTML and AJAX IEEE IPCC 2007

  24. How AT Works:Supporting AJAX Accessible Rich Internet Application (ARIA) • Developed cooperatively by W3C • Added functionality to support interactive dynamic Web pages • Roles • Focus management • State IEEE IPCC 2007

  25. Achieving Accessibility • Organization priority • Build understanding of accessibility across the organization • Provide development frameworks that support accessible design • Build accessibility evaluation skills IEEE IPCC 2007

  26. Arguments • Ship now, fix later • The product we use does not do accessibility • Agile development (80/20) • If so few people have disabilities, don’t their needs fall in the 20% that agile development says are optional? • Utilitarianism • Greatest good for the greatest number • Jeremy Bentham, the philosopher who defined utilitarianism, disavowed the “greatest number part” • “The dictates of utility are neither more nor less than the dictates of the most extensive and enlightened benevolence.” Jeremy Bentham IEEE IPCC 2007

  27. IEEE IPCC 2007

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