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Play and Literacy

Play and Literacy. Characteristics of Play. Positive Affect Nonliterality Means-over-ends Self-initiated. Factors Contributing to the Definition. Play is a unique part of human behavior. Regard play as an attitude or an orientation, rather than a particular action.

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Play and Literacy

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  1. Play and Literacy

  2. Characteristics of Play • Positive Affect • Nonliterality • Means-over-ends • Self-initiated

  3. Factors Contributing to the Definition Play is a unique part of human behavior. Regard play as an attitude or an orientation, rather than a particular action. An adult can not define play for the child. Identify play by using “play” as an adverb. Example: “Look how playfully he ________”

  4. BENEFITS OF PLAY Low Risk Children are in control Ownership

  5. Play Styles • Dramatist Style • Paternist Style

  6. Materials • Toys Should Be: • Attractive • Stimulating • Symbolic • Complex

  7. About Play Materials Theme-related Dramatic Play--housekeeping props, dress-up clothes, dolls, vehicles, unit-blocks, and large hollow blocks Constructive Play --all types of blocks, paints, crayons, scissors Functional Play-- play dough, clay, and water

  8. Conditions of LearningCambourne • Immersion • Demonstration • Expectation Lead to • Approximation Engagement • Response • Responsibility • Usability

  9. Adult Role • Provide Time • Provide Opportunity • Provide Materials

  10. Displaying Play Things • Label • Display Collections, Similar • Prop Boxes • Opens shelves, boxes

  11. Principles of Physical Environment 1. Definition -- Play space has to be clearly designated for children “to see”. Spaces should be distinct & clearly labeled. Space for large, small group & individual play should be provided. 2. Adaptability & Familiarity -- Design play settings around familiar context -real life. Include real objects. 3. Aggregation -- Intentionally select & arrange settings & objects to suggest a basic concept or theme.

  12. Play & Gender • Materials • Gender Role

  13. Gender Play GIRLS: • Rule Learning • Imitation • Task Persistence • Bids for Recognition • Compliance • Remain close to adult • Help-Seeking Behaviors BOYS: • Force into problem-solving situations • Exploration • Restructuring of prior learning

  14. Play Provides … • Creativity • Self-consciousness • Hypothetical thinking • Play holds monumental developmental significance.

  15. Play Helps Children to: • Acquire basic human capacities to think symbolically. • Reason about what is possible. • Examine social behavior. • Think symbolically • Make meaning of world & people

  16. Play & Vygotsky • Play is the child’s “zone of proximal development”. • Play creates the conditions for children to be imaginative & develop social competencies.

  17. Children Can: • Stabilize & enrich their emotional lives. • Engage in activities not readily available in their daily lives.

  18. Three Environments COGNITIVE SOCIAL/EMOTIONAL PHYSICAL

  19. Physical Environment

  20. Learning Centers • Art • Music • Library/Literacy • Math/Science • Reflective • Games/Toys • Blocks/Constructive • Sand/Water • Parents • Socio Dramatic

  21. Teacher’s Values • Democratic • Creative • Innovative • Current Research

  22. ADA Compliant Noise level Crowded Neatness Temperature Lighting Public space Private space Choices Vertical environment Horizontal environment Texture dimension Mobility dimension Safety Space allowed for varied grouping Seclusion Complexity Consider Child’s Perspective Adapted from Kostelnik et al., 1993

  23. Interaction Dimensions • Teacher with Children • Children with Children • Children with Materials • Children with Other Adults

  24. Classroom Displays • Community values • Teacher philosophy • Regard for children

  25. Literacy Props • Accessible • Varied • Teacher modeling • Move from center to center

  26. Living Things & Literacy • Fish • Turtles • Plants • Outdoor Classroom

  27. How Will Information Be Represented? • Rubbings • Numbers • Measuring • Photographs • Items to bring back – artifacts • Graphic organizers • Bar graphs • Comic strip characters/bubble speakers • Two & three dimensional objects • Diagrams

  28. How Will Information Be Represented? • Maps & plans • Cross section & sequence charts • Timelines • Logs • Matrices • Games • Music & dance • Stories & plays

  29. Representing Knowledge • Writing • Oral Discussion • Drawing • Dramatic Play • Construction

  30. Cognitive Environment

  31. Nurture Life-Long Learning • Flexibility • Range of materials • Differentiated instruction • Choice

  32. Learning & Performance • Academic = short term curriculum objectives • Intellectual = long term thinking/comprehension

  33. Intellectual Learning • Developmentally appropriate • Allow student autonomy • Promote creativity • Insure student choice

  34. Divergent Centers • Range of ability, needs & interests • Flexible time & grouping • Goals, identified, but not specific objectives • Conference with children • Portfolio assessment

  35. Themes Connect Learning • Developmentally appropriate • Relevant/authentic • Integrate curriculum

  36. Prepared Environment • Observe • Record • Re-evaluate • Modify

  37. Literacy Props • Books, magazines, comic books • Reference materials, maps, globes, • Designs, signage • Writing utensils • Paper- lined, unlined, graph • Computer • Pictures

  38. Literacy Events • Children reading/writing for meaning • Children seeking information

  39. Adults Nurture Literacy • Print-rich environment • Encourage literacy usage- time, access & materials

  40. Social/Emotional Environment

  41. Children’s Self-Concepts • Trust • Autonomy • Initiative • Industry

  42. About Flow • Feel it? • See it? • Hear it?

  43. Reinforcement • From Teacher • From Children • From Other Adults • From Physical Environment

  44. Centers & Size • For Individuals • For Small Groups • For the Whole Class

  45. Literacy & Play • Informal/Spontaneous • Formal/Guided

  46. How to Begin • Explore your own biases about play. • Explore your understanding of play. • Check the design of the physical environment • Review the management/discipline policy • Evaluate literacy materials

  47. Play and Literacy

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