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CHILD BEGGARS IN DAKAR

CHILD BEGGARS IN DAKAR. CONTEXT. The perception that there are increasing numbers of child beggars on the streets of Dakar Begging is detrimental to the physical and mental development of a child Government engagement in the fight against begging by children. 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY.

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CHILD BEGGARS IN DAKAR

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  1. CHILD BEGGARS IN DAKAR

  2. CONTEXT • The perception that there are increasing numbers of child beggars on the streets of Dakar • Begging is detrimental to the physical and mental development of a child • Government engagement in the fight against begging by children 2

  3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY • Establish a solid information base through a quantitative and qualitative study • Assess the dimensions of the phenomenon • Analyse child beggars’ characteristics and life conditions • Propose strategic options to accelerate and strengthen national efforts against child begging 3

  4. Technical Team: UCW Rome, FAFO, ENEA, and 3 NGOs (Avenir de l’Enfant, ENDA GRAF et Samusocial) Steering Committee : Government, Civil Society, Partners (legitimacy, technical support, supervision– from questionnaire development to report validation) • ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY 4

  5. Children in the streets Handicapped children Children from the streets Child beggars Children living with their families Children with disableded adults THE METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY: CHILD BEGGARS IN DAKAR The target group: Child beggars in Dakar Talibés 5

  6. Obstacles to data collection: Few child beggars compared to overall population (would require an enormously large sample to find enough subjects) Child beggars move around (risk of counting the same child more than once) Child beggars may hide Child beggars constitute a ‘scarce’ and ‘difficult to access’ population THE METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY: CHILD BEGGARS IN DAKAR 6

  7. Two sampling methods Capture-recapture (CR): To measure the size of the population. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS): To obtain data on the characteristics of the population.

  8. THE METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY: CHILD BEGGARS IN DAKAR CAPTURE-RECAPTURE (CR) The CR methodology allows for an estimatate of population size where an exhaustive census is impossible Example: fish in a lake • You throw a fishing net into a lake, catch fish, and mark them before letting them go • Re-catching : you throw the net back in and observe how many fish are already marked and how many are not marked

  9. Data collection: CAPTURE-RECAPTURE cont’d THE METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY: CHILD BEGGARS IN DAKAR 4 hypotheses: • The study population is closed; • Each person has a non-zero chance of being captured; • People already surveyed can be identified precisely; and • Having been caught does not have any correlation with the probably of being re-caught.

  10. CR method Prepare two separate lists: Capture I and Capture II Count the number of persons in each list Count the number of persons appearing in both lists Population size estimates aer based on the figures obtained

  11. Capture Make an exhaustive census of all child beggars found at specific gathering sites The list of sites is put together with help from specialized NGOs

  12. Number of children counted – CAPTURE I

  13. Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) Snow ball sampling to identify populations hidden or difficult to access Double motivation for respondents Reward for being surveyed : 1 packet of cookies Reward for recruiting other respondents : 2 cans of sardines

  14. RECAPTURE Question asked: « Have you already been asked questions or were you put on a list last week?». If the answer is yes, the child is considered « recaptured ».

  15. RECAPTURE Percentage of recaptured children

  16. Estimate total population of child beggars (Petersons method) N=Estimated Number M=Child beggars counted in Capture I C= Child beggars counted in Capture II R= Recaptured children

  17. Estimated child beggar population in greater Dakar

  18. Questions Have all sites where children beg been properly identified (and surveyed)? If the process were to continue (more waves of CR) would the estimates change?

  19. Results There are about 8000 child beggars in Dakar Almost 90% are Koranic students (talibés) Almost all are boys (98%) Almost half were born abroad (Guinea and Guinea Bissau) Being an orphan has very little impact on the probability of being a beggar(the proportion of child beggars that are orphans is very low)

  20. CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILD BEGGARS Ethnic origin constitutes a distinctive element among child beggars

  21. CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILD BEGGARS • Child beggars are very young. 21

  22. LIFE CONDITIONS OF CHILD BEGGARS Begging is a full-time ‘job’ • The children dedicate an average of six hours per day to begging. • The children are in the streets every day of the week. The children that aren’t Koranic students spend, on average, more time begging than Koranic students

  23. LIFE CONDITIONS OF CHILD BEGGARS Revenues of childbeggars • 97% of child beggars earn less than 1000 Francs CFA per day (1.50 Euros) • Child beggarswho are not Koranicstudentsearn more thanthosewho are

  24. CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD BEGGING Education of child beggars • No child beggar goes to a formal school • All of the child beggars that are Koran students go to Koranic school 24

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