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The Impact of Breakfast Consumption on Appetite and Metabolic Responses in Male Eaters

This study investigates how consuming breakfast versus skipping it affects appetite, energy intake, and metabolic responses to later meals in male habitual breakfast eaters. The research measures hormone levels, subjective appetite ratings, and energy intake following a controlled breakfast or fasting period. Results indicate that breakfast consumption influences metabolic and endocrine responses, leading to lower energy intake and altered appetite levels. These findings suggest that regular breakfast may benefit appetite regulation and overall energy management.

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The Impact of Breakfast Consumption on Appetite and Metabolic Responses in Male Eaters

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  1. Breakfast Consumption Affects Appetite, Energy Intake, and the Metabolic and Endocrine Responses to Foods Consumed Later in the Day in Male Habitual Breakfast Eaters Melody Chang

  2. Introduction • Blood glucose rises following a meal, beta-cells of the pancreas release insulin and amylin appetite and food intake • Fasting, beta-cells of the pancreas release glucagon, appetite and food intake • Ghrelin is a peptide hormone, produced by stomach and stimulate appetite. Normally during fasting, following food intake

  3. Purpose To compare the effects of consuming breakfast with omitting breakfast on energy intake, subjective appetite responses, and the metabolic and endocrine responses to foods consumed later in the day • Hypothesis breakfast consumption will affect appetite, energy intake and metabolic and endocrine responses

  4. Methods • Participants: healthy weight, 12 male, regular breakfast eater • Test meals - evening meal - 20:00 no other foods or drinks (other than water) - breakfast - preload - lunchtime test meal - appetite ratings (VAS) - blood sampling ( BG, insulin, FFA, GLP-1, PYY, Ghrelin)

  5. Methods • Study protocol: - Breakfast (B)/ no breakfast (NB) - fasting blood sample - VAS baseline rating of appetite - 150 min… blood sample and VAS - liquid preload - VAS ( immediately, 30 , 60, 90 min) - Blood samples collected at 15-min intervals - lunch provide - VAS ( immediately, 30, 60, 90, 120 min) - Blood samples collected at 15-min intervals

  6. Results: Insulin (pmol/L) FFA (mmol/L) Glucose(mmol/L)

  7. GLP-1 (pmol/L) Results Ghrelin (pmol/L) PYY (pmol/L)

  8. Results Subjective fullness rating Subjective hunger rating

  9. Results • Gastric emptying: rate of increase tended to be greater in B trail • Energy intake: was lower in B trail

  10. Discussion/Conclusion • Missing breakfast causes metabolic and hormonal differences in the responses to foods consumed later as well as in subjective appetite and increase in energy intake.

  11. Further Studies • Recruit more population ( for example, not regular breakfast eaters, female, different regions….)

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