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Income Generation

Income Generation. Laura Beduz, Louisa Evans, Gustavo Grandal Montero, Sarah Perry, Catherine Sharp. Introduction. Reasons for charging History Chargeable services The future of income generation Planning and surrounding issues Conclusion. Reasons for Charging. Cover costs

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Income Generation

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  1. Income Generation Laura Beduz, Louisa Evans, Gustavo Grandal Montero, Sarah Perry, Catherine Sharp

  2. Introduction • Reasons for charging • History • Chargeable services • The future of income generation • Planning and surrounding issues • Conclusion

  3. Reasons for Charging • Cover costs • Allowing additional services • Profit • Deterrent (fines, ILLs, printing)

  4. History 1 • 1950s & 1960s: public libraries • overdue charges • postage for book reservations • non-residents & non-affiliated (& academic) • 1970s: fees for online databases (per enquiry) • 1980s: new services - multimedia • journal subscriptions regular

  5. History 2 • 1980s onwards: information as commodity • Fee-based information services • Move from nominal to market pricing • Political difficulties: charging for NEW services, not those previously free

  6. Chargeable Services v Basic • Basic free (legal obligations) • What is ‘basic’? • Categories of chargeable services: regulatory (punitive): fines, lost books special services SLAs

  7. Photocopying Printing Audio/visual loans Book loans (academic, for external members) Reference access Reservations & ILLs Withdrawn stock Enquiries Chargeable Services: cost recovery

  8. ‘Commercial’ Services • Room hire • Publications • Professions (solicitors etc), business, industry • Research (time defined) • Bibliographic: course materials etc

  9. Exploiting Collections • Digitising collections • Images, art, journals, books • Methods: sell content online subscriptions advertising; links sponsorship; ‘adopt a book’ schemes

  10. ‘Adopt a book’

  11. Assessing need for services Assessing willingness to pay Resources & skills available; staff training Realistic forecasts; business plans Market research Relationship with users IP rights Reputation & purpose of organisation Duty of care to items; inappropriate use Systems & setup costs Planning

  12. Pricing • Objectives? • Average-cost • Price discrimination • Usage • Concessions (avoiding discrimination)? • Service Level Agreements (SLAs) • Consistency and openness

  13. Price discrimination

  14. Transparency

  15. Conclusion • Charging increasingly important issue • Not ‘do we charge’ but ‘how do we charge’? • Service, not income, should be priority

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