Mercantilism

1. Mercantilism Policy to export more than you import

2. Monarch A King or a queen

3. Colony A group of people who settle in a new land but keep ties to their homeland.

4. Indentured Servant Person who agreed to work for someone else for 4-7 years in exchange for passage to the New World.

5. Slave People who had few rights and spent their lives in servitude

6. Trustee A person who holds responsibilities for others

7. Charter A legal document that grants special rights and privileges

8. Militia A citizen’s army

9. Middle Man A person who buys from a producer then sells to traders and consumers.

10. Garrison A fort where troops are housed

11. Artisans Craftsmen

12. Regulations Government orders (instead of laws)

13. The Founding of Georgia The 13thColony

14. WHO SHOULD HELP THOSE WHO CANNOT HELP THEMSELVES? DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE IF THE PERSON CANNOT OR WILL NOT HELP THEMSELVES? THOUGHT QUESTION

15. Gin Lane

16. The French • Primary focus was on the fur trade. • The Spanish • Wanted God, Gold, and Glory. • The English (British) • Wanted to pursue colonization to support mercantilism. http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/mercantilism

17. Jamestown First permanent colony created in the New World. Initially unsuccessful, but then grew tobacco, rice and indigo to send back to England. Led to more colonies being built to produce agricultural products. • Maryland (1632 • Carolina (1663- divided in 1712) • Georgia 1733

18. James Oglethorpe Considered to be the founder of Georgia. Member of the British Parliament Wanted to reform British prisons.

19. Unemployment severe in England People owed money - debts Debtors (and their families) put in prison Horrible prison conditions Why did English prisons need reform?

20. James Oglethorpe wanted to help because his friend, Robert Castell, died of smallpox in prison. Castell had been sent to prison because he could not pay his debts.

21. Georgia was created by a charter- written permission from the King to settle land Oglethorpe and John Percival were given a charter to create Georgia Georgia named after King George II Colony: a settlement in a new land but still has ties to the home country. Charter signed June 20, 1732 Charter set up boundaries & limited power of officials King George II & The Charter of 1732

22. Georgia’s three purposes 1. Charity – Get rid of poverty and unemployment 2. Economics– Increase Britain's trade and wealth-Wanted to plant Mulberry trees to make silk to send back to England to make fancy clothes 3.Defense – Georgia would be a buffer colony to protect South Carolina from attack by the Spanish in Florida.

23. Religion – Home for Protestants being persecuted in England Catholics were not allowed- WHY? Unofficial Purpose

24. Georgia’s Boundaries • Georgia was in between the Altamaha and Savannah River. Continues to the west coast (California). • Boundaries: • North: Savannah R • South: Altamaha R • East: Atlantic Ocean • West: Pacific Ocean

25. Georgia was a Trustee Colony Oglethorpe and 20 other British gentlemen would run the colony for 21 years (21 for 21) The Charter

26. Rules for the Trustees • They would not be paid • They could not receive any of the land in Georgia • They could not hold public office The Charter

27. Banned Slavery (thought it would make colonists lazy.) • Banned Liquor/Rum (beer and wine were ok, even for children, because of unhealthy water quality. Again, the fear was that hard liquor would make colonists lazy.) • Did not allow lawyers or Catholics • Largest farms could only be 500 acres Oglethorpe’s Plan to keep Georgia as a Model Society.

28. Colonists were required to defend the colony. • Colonists had to grow mulberry trees (for silkworms). • Colonists could not sell their land. • Land could not be passed to female heirs. • They had to obey all of the Trustee’s rules. Oglethorpe’s Plan to keep Georgia as a Model Society.

29. http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/daily_life_in_georgiahttp://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/daily_life_in_georgia Daily life in Georgia

30. Exit/Review Questions • 1. Why did James Oglethorpe want to create Georgia? • 2. What are the three reasons and the one unofficial reason for the creation of Georgia? • 3. What is a buffer? • 4. What religious group could you not be apart of to live in Georgia? • 5. How far did the original western border of Georgia stretch to?

31. Take out a clean sheet of paper Write a sentence or two answering: What would be the first thing you would do in establishing a new colony in an unsettled land? If you were Oglethorpe

32. 35 families selected • No debtors selected • Farmers, carpenters, tailors, bakers, merchants and trade people • Families received free land, weapons, tools and had to live under trustee rules The first colonists

33. 1. restriction on land and inheritance (land belonged only to men) • 2. No slavery • 3. No rum and hard liquors • 4. Must defend the colony against all enemies. • 5. Obey all rules and regulations the Trustees set up. Remember the Colonist’s Rules:

34. The First Colonists sailed to Georgia on Nov 1732, Oglethorpe and 114 settlers sail on the ship the Ann (also spelled Anne) February 12,1733 ---Colonists arrive at Yamacraw Bluff- and met the Yamacraw Indians who lived there. Arrival of The Ann

35. Tomochichi • Georgia Day • Chief of the Yamacraw Indians • Welcomed Oglethorpe and English • Allowed them to build town-Indians wanted to trade with English • Wouldn’t have to travel to South Carolina to trade

37. Tomochichi http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/tomochichi

38. One of the most important people in Georgia History • She was half Indian/half English • She served as translator for Chief Tomochichi & Oglethorpe • Georgia colony built near John & Mary Musgrove’s trading post MARY MUSGROVE

39. Tomochichi and several Indian representatives journeyed to England with Ogelthorpe to meet George II. • They made a very good impression on the English. http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/georgia-indians-england Oglethorpe and Tomochichi

40. Oglethorpe and Tomochichi

41. Settlement named Savannah after the river. • Laid out in a series of squares • First planned city in America Georgia’s First Settlement

45. Heat and disease hurt the colonists • Caught dysentery from the Savannah River • The only Doctor died two months after the colony started (April of 1733) • first year, 25% of the colonists died from the hardships Disease and Hardship http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/expectations_versus_reality

46. 1. What is a trustee? • 2. What kinds of people came to Georgia? • 3. Were any debtors sent to the colonies? • 4. Why did Tomochichi allow the English to settle? • 5. What role did Mary Mugrove play in Georgia’s settlement? Exit Questions

48. Why did Chief Tomochichi allow Oglethorpe to settle on Yamacraw Bluff? READ & PUT INTO YOUR OWN WORDS: The Yamacraw Indians had become dependent on English goods and they had to travel to the South Carolina colony to get them. If a new English colony was built, it would be closer for the Yamacraws to trade.