Pronunciation, Categorization, and Abbreviation

1. Books of the Bible Pronunciation, Categorization, and Abbreviation

2. Divisions of the Bible • In Judaism, the Bible is divided into the (1) Torah, (2) Nevi’im (Prophets), and (3) Ketuvim (Writings) • In Catholicism, the ordering of the books is different. There are four main sections (which will appear soon), but it is useful to think of it as being: Torah, Ketuvim, Nevi’im

3. Torah (Pentateuch) • Genesis - Gen • Exodus - Ex • Leviticus - Lv • Numbers - Nm • Deuteronomy - Dt

4. Historical Books • Joshua – Jos • Judges – Jgs • Ruth – Ru • 1 Samuel – 1 Sm • 2 Samuel – 2 Sm • 1 Kings – 1 Kgs • 2 Kings – 2 Kgs • 1 Chronicles – 1 Chr • 2 Chronicles – 2 Chr

5. Historical Books continued • Ezra – Ezr • Nehemiah – Neh • Tobit – Tb • Judith – Jdt • Esther – Est

6. Wisdom Books • Job – Jb • Psalms – Pss (If citing a single Psalm in a paper, you would use Ps) • Proverbs – Prv • Ecclesiastes – Eccl • Song of Songs – Sg • Wisdom – Wis • Sirach - Sir

7. Prophets • Isaiah – Is • Jeremiah – Jer • Lamentations – Lam • Baruch – Bar • Ezekiel – Ez • Daniel – Dn • The names in bold are the Major Prophets (often Lam and Bar are attributed to Jeremiah)

8. Prophets continued • Hosea – Hos • Joel – Jl • Amos – Am • Obadiah – Ob • Jonah – Jon • Micah – Mi • Nahum – Na • Habakkuk – Hab • Zephaniah – Zep • Haggai – Hg • Zechariah – Zec • Malachi – Mal • All of these are known as the Minor Prophets.

9. The Final Two Books • At the end of the Old Testament are two historical books: • 1 Maccabees – 1 Mc • 2 Maccabees – 2 Mc