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Understanding Physical and Chemical Properties

Learn about the difference between physical and chemical changes, explore various physical and chemical properties such as density, magnetism, color, and conductivity, and understand the characteristics of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

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Understanding Physical and Chemical Properties

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  1. Unit 02 : Lesson 2 Physical andChemicalProperties

  2. Recall: • Physical change: (reversible) composition does not change, just appearance • Chemical change: (irreversible) composition changes into a new substance.

  3. Physical Properties • Physical Properties: can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter. • Include density, magnetism, color, luster, ductility, viscosity, malleability, and conductivity.

  4. Characteristics of Physical Properties • Density: "heaviness" of objects with a constant volume. D = M / V • Magnetism:force of attraction or repulsion between various substances, especially those made of iron and certain other metals; ultimately it is due to the motion of electric charges.

  5. Cont. physical properties • Color • Luster: the state or quality of shining by reflecting light; glitter, sparkle, sheen, or gloss • Ductility: ability of a metal to plastically deform without breaking or fracturing,

  6. Cont. physical properties • Malleability:property of a metal describing the ease with which it can be hammered, forged, pressed, or rolled into thin sheets • Conductivity: a measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current and heat

  7. Cont. physical properties • Viscosity: the resistance for liquid to flow

  8. Chemical Properties • Chemical properties: allow a substance to react forming new substances. • Include: corrosiveness, flammability, and oxidation.

  9. Characteristics of chemical change • Corrosiveness: having the quality of corroding or eating away; erosive • Flammability: how easily something will burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.

  10. Cont. chemical properties • Oxidation: The combination of a substance with oxygen. A reaction in which the atoms in an element lose electrons and the valence of the element is correspondingly increased.

  11. Materials can be classified as: (Each category has its own distinct properties). • Metals: shiny, ductile, malleable and good conductors of heat and electricity. • Nonmetals: generally poor conductors of heat and electricity. • Metalloids: have some chemical/physical properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals. • Si, Ge, As are semiconductors (conduct electricity slightly better than a nonmetal, but not as well as a metal.

  12. Your Turn: • Give an example of a chemical change • Give an example of a physical change • Give a characteristic of a chemical property. • Give a characteristic of a physical property. • Who are great conductors? Metals or Nonmetals • Who have both characteristics of both metals and nonmetals?

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