Ch. 7 Module 15

1. Ch. 7 Module 15 Classical Conditioning

2. Learning • Turn to your partner what is the earliest memory you have of learning to do something? • What enabled you to learn what you did?

3. Learning • Write this down • Learning - A relatively permanent change in behaviour due to experience. • Classical Conditioning – a type of learning where a stimulus is gains the power to cause a response because it predicts another stimulus that already produces the response.

4. Stimulus • Write this down • Anything in the environment that one can respond to.

5. Flush! • Look at the diagram on pg. 282 • Ex. Classical conditioning led a group of dorm mates to respond to the word Flush! The same way they responded to painfully hot water in a shower from the toilet being flushed.

6. Flush! Cont. • Stimulus 1-calling the word flush before flushing the toilet warns that water in the shower will be scalding. • Stimulus 2 – when the toilet is flushed hot water in the shower is scalding. • Stimulus – we hear flush • Response – we jump anticipating hot water.

7. Stimulus -> Response • Stimulus -> Response • Flush -> jump • Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) – a stimulus that triggers a response automatically and reflexive.

8. Read pg. 283-284 • Answer • Describe how an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) differs from a conditioned stimulus (CS); provide an example to show your understanding.

9. Re read pg. 284 • Answer • Describe how an unconditioned response (UCR) differs from a conditioned response (CR); provide an example to show your understanding.

10. Classical Conditioning • Share your examples with your partner • Remember the 5 components of classical conditioning are: • 1. UCS • 2. UCR • 3. Neutral Stimulus • 4. CS • 5. CR

11. Acronyms • What does each stand for? • 1. UCS • 2. UCR • 3. CS • 4. CR

12. Basic processes in classical conditioning • 1. Acquisition • 2. Extinction • 3. Spontaneous recovery.

13. Acquisition • Write down • Occurs when a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a UCS. • Ex. We acquire the CR when a stimulus the word Flush! Was repeatedly paired with the UCS of hot water.

14. Extinction • Write Extinction is the procedure for reversing the learning that has taken place. It occurs when the CS looses its power to trigger a CR. • Read • Recall when we want someone to acquire a CR we repeatedly pair a neutral stimulus with the UCS. But if we want the reverse we must weaken the strength of the association between the two stimuli.

15. Extinction ex. • Like shouting flush but never flushing the toilet. The CR is now extinct.

16. Spontaneous Recovery • Write • The reappearance after a rest period of an extinguished conditioned response • Read • My response to Flush was extinct, but after a break one yell of Flush and I would jump.

17. Read pg. 284-285 • Answer • Identify and explain the three basic processes in classical conditioning..

18. Ivan Pavlov • Have you heard of this guy? • What did he do?

19. Ivan Pavlov • Won a Nobel Prize for demonstrating the procedures of classical conditioning by using meat to train a dog to salivate to the sound of a tuning fork. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI

20. Pavlov Continued • Fill in the blank • The unconditioned stimulus is the _______because it produces a salivation response without prior learning. • The unconditioned response is ____ because _____ is the response to the UCS of meat powder. No learning has taken place.

21. Answers • Did you get meat powder and salivation?

22. Pavlov Cont. • The neutral stimulus is the sound of the ____before the dog has been conditioned. The stimulus is neutral because it does not produce salivation. • The conditioned stimulus is the ____of the tuning fork after the dog has been conditioned, because the tone now produces the response of salivation.

23. Answers • Did you get • Tuning fork and Sound? • Last one. • The conditioned response is ___, because ____ is now the response to the sound of the tuning fork.

24. Answer • Salivation

25. Read pg. 287-288 • Answer • Describe the role Ivan Pavlov played in the study of classical conditioning (describe his classic experiment, using correct classical conditioning vocabulary).

26. Generalization and Discrimination • Write • Generalization – a process in which an organism produces the same response to two similar stimuli. • Discrimination – a process in which an organism produces different responses to two similar stimuli.

27. John Watson and Rosalie Rayner • Read pg. 290 and 291 to see what happened to little Albert. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt0ucxOrPQE

28. How? • How did Albert became afraid of the white rat. • Include the terms UCS, UCR, CS and CR.

29. Albert continued • Look at pg. 291 • First phase • UCS- loud noise • UCR – fear • Neutral stimulus – rat • UCS – loud noise • UCR - fear

30. Albert Second Phase • CS – Rat • CR – Fear • Stimulus similar to rat (rabbit, stuffy) • Conditioned fear (generalization)

31. That old pair of jeans • Because of the many pleasant events that may be associated with their use, old clothing often become conditioned stimuli that produce a relaxed, comforting response.

32. Taste Aversions • Write • John Garcia discovered that it was possible to produce a nausea producing drug as a UCS to condition an aversion response to a particular taste. Paired with a drug that produces nausea a particular food or drink became the CS that also produced feelings of nausea. • Have you ever felt sick after eating a food and never eaten it again?

33. Read pg. 293-294 • Answer • Explain the role of the following in learning: a) cognition; b) biological predispositions

34. Self check on pg. 297-298 • Multiple choice • 1-C, 2-B, 3-A, 4-A, 5-D, 6-A • Matching • A-11, B-6, C-4,D-2, E-3, F-5, G-1, H-9, I-12, J-7. • Fill in the blank • 8. unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, neutral stimulus. 9. acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery. 10. Ivan Pavlov