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Understanding Education Types and Economic Categories in Global Contexts

This text explores two primary types of education: informal education, where individuals gain skills from family members, often following in their parents' job tracks; and formal education, where knowledge is acquired from experts, potentially surpassing parental expertise. Additionally, it categorizes economies based on government control, economic activity, and development levels, detailing capitalism, socialism, and communism, along with primary, secondary, and tertiary economies. The text also addresses family structures, including nuclear and extended families, and diverse marital practices.

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Understanding Education Types and Economic Categories in Global Contexts

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  1. Education • Two Types: • Informal Education: • People learn skills from their family members • Usually follow in same job tracks as their parents • Ex: Farming societies • Formal Education: • People learn skills from experts in various fields • Have potential to be smarter than their parents • Ex: College

  2. Economy • There are three ways to categorize economies: • Amount of Government Control • Type of Economic Activity • Level of Development

  3. 1. Amount of Government Control • Capitalism • People own their own businesses and property and must buy services for private use, such as healthcare • Aka Free-Market Economy • Socialism • Government owns many of the larger industries • Provides health, education, welfare • Allows citizens some economic choices • Communism • Government owns all businesses and farms and provides its people’s healthcare, education, and welfare

  4. 2. Type of Economic Activity • Traditional (Primary) Economies • Industrial (Secondary) Economies • High Tech/Service (Tertiary) Economies

  5. Traditional (Primary) Economies • Foraging • Nomadic scavenging/hunting and gathering • Still practiced in remote parts of Brazil and Papua New Guinea • Pastoralism • Nomadic herding • Still somewhat common in parts of Asia • Subsistence Agriculture • Simple farming and ranching to raise enough for personal/family survival • Commercial Agriculture • Selling or trading surplus crops • Extraction • Mining or drilling for natural resources

  6. Industrial (Secondary) Economies • Nations buy natural resources from Primary Economies and use them to manufacture goods • Industrial Revolutions cause countries to move from textile manufacturing to heavy industry to higher tech manufacturing • Education usually increases at the same time

  7. High Tech/Service/“Idea” (Tertiary) Economies • Wealthiest nations come up with ideas for things • They then build factories elsewhere to make those things • Once manufactured, it is shipped back to the nation that designed it • In tertiary, education is directly related to earning potential • The smarter you are, the richer you’ll be • “Idea” jobs pay well

  8. 3. Level of Development • During Cold War, there were three categories: • First World • United States and wealthiest allies • Second World • Soviet Union and wealthiest allies • Third World • Rest of the world • Usually poor • US and Soviet Union competed for control of these countries

  9. Today, we divide the world up as follows: • Very Developed Countries • Wealthiest nations in the world • Very high levels of health care and education • Ex: US, UK, Japan, Germany • More Developed Countries • Most people doing well in these countries • Also have very poor people • Eastern European countries such as Poland and Russia are examples

  10. Developing Countries • Poor countries that are starting to improve • Still have low income and literacy rates, but numbers are getting better • Ex: Brazil and Mexico • Underdeveloped Countries • Poorest of the poor • Few resources, schools, hospitals • Impoverished populations living on less than $1 per day • Ex: Haiti

  11. Family • Nuclear Family • Two parents and 2.35 kids • Extended Family • Three or more generations living together • Monogamy • Marrying one person • 135 out of 554 cultures • Polygamy • Marrying two or more people • Polygyny • One man marries more than one woman • 415 out of 554 cultures • Polyandry • One woman marries more than one man • 4 out of 554 cultures

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