1. Education • Two Types: • Informal Education: • People learn skills from their family members • Usually follow in same job tracks as their parents • Ex: Farming societies • Formal Education: • People learn skills from experts in various fields • Have potential to be smarter than their parents • Ex: College

2. Economy • There are three ways to categorize economies: • Amount of Government Control • Type of Economic Activity • Level of Development

3. 1. Amount of Government Control • Capitalism • People own their own businesses and property and must buy services for private use, such as healthcare • Aka Free-Market Economy • Socialism • Government owns many of the larger industries • Provides health, education, welfare • Allows citizens some economic choices • Communism • Government owns all businesses and farms and provides its people’s healthcare, education, and welfare

4. 2. Type of Economic Activity • Traditional (Primary) Economies • Industrial (Secondary) Economies • High Tech/Service (Tertiary) Economies

5. Traditional (Primary) Economies • Foraging • Nomadic scavenging/hunting and gathering • Still practiced in remote parts of Brazil and Papua New Guinea • Pastoralism • Nomadic herding • Still somewhat common in parts of Asia • Subsistence Agriculture • Simple farming and ranching to raise enough for personal/family survival • Commercial Agriculture • Selling or trading surplus crops • Extraction • Mining or drilling for natural resources

6. Industrial (Secondary) Economies • Nations buy natural resources from Primary Economies and use them to manufacture goods • Industrial Revolutions cause countries to move from textile manufacturing to heavy industry to higher tech manufacturing • Education usually increases at the same time

7. High Tech/Service/“Idea” (Tertiary) Economies • Wealthiest nations come up with ideas for things • They then build factories elsewhere to make those things • Once manufactured, it is shipped back to the nation that designed it • In tertiary, education is directly related to earning potential • The smarter you are, the richer you’ll be • “Idea” jobs pay well

8. 3. Level of Development • During Cold War, there were three categories: • First World • United States and wealthiest allies • Second World • Soviet Union and wealthiest allies • Third World • Rest of the world • Usually poor • US and Soviet Union competed for control of these countries

9. Today, we divide the world up as follows: • Very Developed Countries • Wealthiest nations in the world • Very high levels of health care and education • Ex: US, UK, Japan, Germany • More Developed Countries • Most people doing well in these countries • Also have very poor people • Eastern European countries such as Poland and Russia are examples

10. Developing Countries • Poor countries that are starting to improve • Still have low income and literacy rates, but numbers are getting better • Ex: Brazil and Mexico • Underdeveloped Countries • Poorest of the poor • Few resources, schools, hospitals • Impoverished populations living on less than $1 per day • Ex: Haiti

11. Family • Nuclear Family • Two parents and 2.35 kids • Extended Family • Three or more generations living together • Monogamy • Marrying one person • 135 out of 554 cultures • Polygamy • Marrying two or more people • Polygyny • One man marries more than one woman • 415 out of 554 cultures • Polyandry • One woman marries more than one man • 4 out of 554 cultures