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Dr. habil. Karen Ziener Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt 28.11./29.11.2012

Conflicts between Recreational Use and Nature Conservation in National Parks and Biosphere Reserves – examples from Germany and Austria. Dr. habil. Karen Ziener Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt 28.11./29.11.2012. Content. Theoretical Basics – approaches, aims, terms

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Dr. habil. Karen Ziener Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt 28.11./29.11.2012

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  1. Conflicts between Recreational Use and Nature Conservation in National Parks and Biosphere Reserves – examples from Germany and Austria Dr. habil. Karen Ziener Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt 28.11./29.11.2012

  2. Content Theoretical Basics – approaches, aims, terms Study areas in Germany and Austria (resp. Hungary) Modelling of the field of conflict “recreational use – nature conservation”in a region Basic points of a conflict strategy for national parks and biosphere reserves Application of the findings in other projects Examples Examples Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria Examples

  3. Theoretical Basics – approaches, aims, terms tourism as economic sector supply and demand species and habitat protection (Red Lists) protection of natural processes recreational potential recreational suitabilitiy nature conservation authorities habitat connectivity tourism companies touristic facilities p a r t n e r s h i p ? conservationist organisations tourism associations recreational and tourism planning landscape oriented tourism Modern nature protection Types of holiday makers“hybrid tourist“ preservation and development of cultural landscapes c o n f l i c t s ? landscape planning on different spatial levels Naherholung holidays outings/excursions leisure activities protected areas user groups natura 2000 protection through utilisation national parks recreation/leisure activities as Grunddaseinsfunktion leisure sports association biosphere reservese own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  4. Theoretical Basics – approaches, aims, terms conflicts between recreational use and nature conservation social-science conflict research • a lot of studies about • impact of tourism / recreation / leisure activities on nature and landscape • discussion about contrast and compatibility of nature conservation and utilisation of nature • but not analysed were • contentions • types of conflict / systematisation • relations between conflicts conflicts in national parks and biosphere reserves Ziener, 2003, p. 8 ff. Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  5. Theoretical Basics – approaches, aims, terms conflicts between recreational use and nature conservation social-science conflict research • broad research about • emergence, dynamic, management, effects of conflicts • but in other fields of research • family • company / organisation conflicts in national parks and biosphere reserves Ziener, 2003, p. 8 ff. Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  6. Theoretical Basics – approaches, aims, terms conflicts between recreational use and nature conservation social-science conflict research conflicts in national parks and biosphere reserves • studies about • functional analysis of land use conflicts • acceptance research instead of conflict research • no/scarce information about the • specific conflicts in (NP) and (BR) • importance of conflicts for their development Ziener, 2003, p. 8 ff. Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  7. Theoretical Basics – approaches, aims, terms National Parks (4) and Biosphere Reserves (6) in the Czech Republic Národní park Biosférická rezervace České Švýcarsko Krkonoše National Šumava Podyjí (cross-border cooperation with neighbouring national parks) Křivoklátsko (1977) Třeboňsko (1977) Pálava (1986)  Dolní Morava (2003, extended) Šumava (1990) Krkonoše/Karkonosze (1992, transboundary) Bílé Karpaty (1996) Source: NP České Švýcarsko, UNESCO, Ministry of the Environment, Ministerstvo zahraničních věcí ČR, CHKO Pálava, CHKO Třeboňsko Photo: NP České Švýcarsko, CHKO Třeboňsko Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  8. National Parks (IUCN) Biosphere Reserves (UNESCO) Protection of near-natural landscapes (nature reserves),low man-made impact, ecological balance (no economic utilisation, only own/internal dynamics), protection of natural processes ”Natur Natur sein lassen” Preservation of near-natural and historical cultural landscapes (protected landscape), protection, preservation and development of ecosystems with participation of locals(models of sustainable development) ”Schutz durch Nutzung” basic conflict through education and recreation  minimizing of conflict consensus-oriented  avoiding of conflicts between different user groups Large area, settlements mostly not included Zones with different levels of nature conservation (high percentage of core areas and nature reserves) National Park Management Ecosystem research Large area, villages and towns are integrated Zones with different protection levels (inner zones nature reserve, outer zones partly protected landscape partly no protected area) partly Biosphere Reserve Management Research of Human-Environment Relations (Man and Biosphere Programme) Theoretical Basics – approaches, aims, terms own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  9. Theoretical Basics – approaches, aims, terms Approaches Connection between landscape oriented / spatial planning perspectives and activity-oriented as well as conflict oriented perspectives  creation of a complex scientific view on these conflicts Application / Adaption of social science conflict research in the field of conflict recreational use – nature conservation What is a conflict? Structuring of this very complex field of conflict – the totality of all these conflicts and the connections among them, in a region (systemic view). Analysis of conflict experiences in different study areas (national park and biosphere reserve regions) – general tendencies and regional specific Combination of different perspective and variety of methods Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  10. Theoretical Basics – approaches, aims, terms Aims Modelling of the field of conflict recreational use – nature conservation in national parks and biosphere reserves which can reduce the complexity and integrate different conflict perspectives Basic points of a regionalconflictstrategy for protectedarea management which integrates potential conflicts and their effects into planning and management and enables flexible actions in conflict situations  What is a conflict? Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  11. Conception of conflict in science and spatial planning Conflict definition in social sciences (social psychology) conflict potentialsthe still dormant conflict partiesand the conflict object I n t e g r a t i o n landscape or space oriented spatial conflict potential Theoretical Basics – approaches, aims, terms contrast / area of tension between nature conservation and utilisation which based on the impact of tourism and recreational use on nature and landscape conflicts are analysed as overlapping of ecological and land use attributes of landscape  contrast (problem) solution as mainly task of nature conservation and spatial planning two elements are contrary or incompatible contentions between at least two persons respectively parties conflict consists of subjects, the conflict parties, and at least one object, the conflict object  opposite between persons no one-sided solution, but through the actions of conflict parties two elements are contrary or incompatible contentions between at least two persons respectively parties conflict consists of subjects, the conflict parties, and at least one object, the conflict object  opposite between persons no one-sided solution, but through the actions of conflict parties personal and situational conflict potential own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  12. Rügen Harz Spreewald Rhön Neusiedler See / Fertö Donauauen 2. Study areas in Germany and Austria (resp. Hungary) • different landscapes from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Pannonian Bassin • Tourism regions and destinations of outing • legal, planning, political factores of the different provinces and states • old and new federal states in Germany • national parks and biosphere reserves • different biosphere reserve concepts own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  13. Germany 2. Study areas in Germany and Austria (resp. Hungary) Rügen Harz Spreewald Rhön Donauauen Austria Neusiedler See / Fertő Source:Nationale Naturlandschaften Source:Nationalparks Austria Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  14. macro-analysis micro-analysis inductive deductive further developed applied spatial conflict potential conflict process and resolution conflict types macro-/micro-analysis macro-/micro-analysis inductive deductive / inductive new spatial related concepts conflict connections linked mainlymacro-analysis deductive / inductive new 3. Modelling of the field of conflict “recreational use – nature conservation” ZIENER 2003, p. 46, modified Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  15. 3.1 Spatial conflict potential (landscape and utilisation attributes) • A landscape is evaluated as being both worth protecting and attractive for recreation and leisure-time activities. general view • An unfavourable relationship exists between the sensitivity of a landscape and the intensity of its use for recreation and leisure-time activities. ecological view • Demands on using the areaby those seeking recreation and leisure activity, are opposed to restrictions resulting from nature protection. user’s view delimitation of Potential conflict areas (GIS) ZIENER 2003, p. 66-68 Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  16. 3.1 Spatial conflict potential worthiness of protection> < attractivity for recreation ZIENER 2003, annex, p. 158, 160 Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  17. 3.1 Spatial conflict potential worthiness of protection > < attractivity for recreation sensitivity > < intensity of use Core area Managed zone Development zone Regeneration zone ZIENER 2003,annex p. 162 Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  18. 3.1 Spatial conflict potential sensitivity (Phytotope)> < intensity of use (number of visitors) big/low spatial conflict potential big/low conflict ZIENER 2003, annex p. 181 Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  19. fears missunderstandings information communication deficits participation cooperation resistance low acceptance conflicts 3.2 Conflict process and resolution Personal and situational conflict potential related with information communication participation cooperation own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  20. Model of conflict process according to BERKEL conflict potentials (latent conflict) causal event Definition of the conflict by the persons involved (point of contention) action of one side reaction of the other side short-term result (compromise, victory, settlement) Long-term consequences, which increase or reduce the conflict potential 3.2 Conflict process and resolution Source: BERKEL 1997, S. 40, modified Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  21. Teddy Bear Owl Fox Shark Turtle 3.2 Conflict process and resolution Conflict management stiles Accommodating /harmonising Collaborating / common solution of problems Oriented on aims and interests of opposite side Compromising / negotiating Withdrawing / avoiding Competing / overpowering Oriented on own aims and interests Source : own compilation using BERKEL 1987, BERKEL 1997, University of Maryland Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  22. Structure of conflict Conflict subject Conflicts in the regions Conflikt parties scientific studies, concepts and plans dealing with conflicts Points of contention Conflict form the regional press Conflict result qualitative interviews with regional decision makers Space Time Long-term effects 3.3 Conflict types Creation of the types Attributes of the types Description of the types Conflict types own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  23. Spatial-Use Conflict Types (objective-spatial aspects) Leisure-time activities in sensitive landscapes Environmental consequences of touristic use structurally, permanent, partly latent, conflicts Heavily frequented destinations for outings Tourism-induced motorised private traffic more differentiated, permanent conflicts Lack of acceptance of nature protection related restrictions Impairment of the countryside image by tourism buildings Nature conservation projects and plans Tourism projects and plans Change of status quo, temporary conflicts Goal Conflict Types (protagonists / processes) Leisure-time sport vs. nature protection Economic stimulation vs. nature protection Communities vs. management of protected area 3.3 Conflict types ZIENER 2003, p. 85 Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  24. Leisure-time activities in sensitive landscapes 3.3 Conflict types Conflict participants leisure-time sport clubs and societies, homeland and hiking associations, tourism providers, societies and organisations, communities, national park or biosphere reserve management, environmental protection clubs and associations, ecologists Conflict subject / Points of contention / Spatial relationship The demands placed on the landscape and spatial use when performing certain leisure-time activities collide with goals for conservation and restrictions in sensitive areas, worth protecting,  conflicts, because restrictions on use or control measures were, or should be, threatened, implemented or increased, usually small-scale, sensitive areas such as the banks of lakes and rivers, the upper reaches of flowing waters, steep and flat coasts, moors and silt areas, dry-grass areas, close-to-nature woods, subalpine meadows. Outward form / Time / Conflict result In principle, permanent and not capable of being conclusively solved, fluctuation between latent and active conflicts, in recent times numerous examples of agreements and negotiations between management of protected areas, environmental protection bodies and users concerning routing, control measures, etc., compromises, temporary or permanent regulations, e.g., closing off of paths and water areas, relocation of paths and ski-trails, total or limited bans on admission, measures to control visitors and traffic guidance systems. Long-term conflict effects e.g. cooperation with leisure-time sport organisations in the field of visitor management and environmental education,increase in the acceptance of national park or biosphere reserve ZIENER 2003, p. 87 Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  25. Conflict parties and their interests NP or BR management in conflicts Leisure-time activities in sensitive landscapes Lack of acceptance of nature-protection related restrictions Tourism projects and plans 3.3 Conflict types Key factors of conflict resolution organisations, groups, individuals conflict party like other relations between conflict parties, coalitions, former conflicts acting / reacting party partly responsibilities of state or federal state authority experiences of conflict moderator / mediator procedures of resolutions own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  26. Leisure-time activities in sensitive landscapes Nature conservation projects and plans Communities vs. management of protected area 3.3 Conflict types Conflict avoidance potential of conflict types • to find conflict potential in landscape • communication • sport clubs as partner • common concept • win-win situation no conflict,but common solution of problems • early information, complete information • openness for other stakeholders • readiness to compromise • win-win situation reduction of conflict • regular information • personal contacts • cooperation • participation • common strategies cooperative conflict situation own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  27. contentual-spatial hierarchy • administrative and planning levels e.g. NP Hochharz (today NP Harz after joinig) time hierarchy conflict experience of involved persons • chronology and parallelism of conflicts • attitude / awareness related to conflicts and conflict solution in general (e.g. importance, solvability) • get to know the other conflict parties (e.g. interests, aims, behaviour) • conflict management skills (e.g. methods, strategies) • content solution of problem (e.g. separation of different functions, strategies of sustainable development) complex conflict situations • issues which bring together different conflicts or fields of conflict and their interactions, • big number of participants, diversity of interests and demands • spatial links (e.g. on the top of mountain Brocken, Hiddensee island) or planning links (e.g. Landscape Structure Plan Spreewald) 3.4 Conflict connections C C macro-analytic view C C micro-analytic view own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  28. Federal statecontentualaggregation Konflikte um die Novellierung der Nationalparkverordnung bzw. die Regelungen des neuen Nationalparkgesetzes sowie die Verordnung für den Brocken und das Befahren der Bahnstrecke regional level / district Konflikte der regionalen (Tourismus-)Wirtschaft mit der NP-Verwaltung und dem Naturschutz Konflikte der Regions­ bevölkerung mit der NP- Verwaltung Municipality Konflikte der Gemeinde Schierke mit der NP-Verwaltung Konflikte der Stadt Ilsenburg mit der NP-Verwaltung contentualaggregation Konflikt Skisport – Naturschutz (im NP Hochharz) Konflikte der Anwohner mit der NP-Verwaltung spatialaggregation Konflikte um den Schutz und die Nutzung des Brockens Single conflicts Skisport am Kleinen Winterberg (National-parkgebiet) Loipen im NP Hoch-harz Brocken-hotel (Ausbau des Fern-sehturms) Öffnungs-zeiten der Brocken-gastronomie (Brockenwirt) Abend-veranstal-tungen auf dem Brocken Fahrzeiten der Brocken­ bahn (HSB) Inwertset-zung des Geländes der Scharfen­ steinkaserne Pilze und Beeren sammeln im NP Bau eines NP-Hauses in Eckertal / Stapelburg 3.4 Conflict connections Conflict hierarchy of existing conflicts in the National Park Hochharz ZIENER 2003, p. 91 Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  29. 3.4 Conflict connections BR Rhön: Learning processes of conflict solution and prevention based on conflict analysis Successful conflict solutions(1993-1998) ModellprojektSkilanglauf optimizing of cross-country ski trail network Luftsportgutachten analysis of conflicts between aviation and nature conservation.recommendations for environmentally compatible flying Perception of conflict potentials Mountainbiking – Naturschutz Mountainbiking – Wandern own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  30. management centre BR Bavarian Rhön Verein Naturpark und BR Bayer. Rhön Moderation signs GIS ADFC Kreisverbände(cycling) Network of mountain bike trails concepts Bayer. Radsportverband(cycling) Wildland GmbH (Initiative des Landesjagdverbands) Jagdverbände(hunting) 3.4 Conflict connections BR Rhön: Conflict prevention: common development of a network of mountain bike trails Bayer. Verwaltungsstelle des BR Rhön initiator FAIRständnis-Regeln(rules, self-commitment) Rhönklub (hiking) Waldbesitzer (forest owners) Höhere Naturschutzbehörde Würzburg (RBez)(nature conservation authority ) own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  31. conflict avoiding in the case of mountain biking Wegegebot in the Nature Reserve Lange Rhön (mountain biking only on marked trails) basis for togetherness in a sensitive region attractive offer of trail clear trails for mountain bikes possibility to cross the Nature Reserve Lange Rhön by bicycle 3.4 Conflict connections BR Rhön: Conflict prevention: common development of a network of mountain bike trails Bayer. Verwaltungsstelle des BR Rhön VereinNaturpark und BR Bayer. Rhön mountain bike offer as segment of sustainable tourism win-win situation Mountainbiker Wanderer model character Rhönklub (Wandern) ADFC Kreisverbände Bayer. Radsportverband Waldbesitzer Jagdverbände own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  32. 3.5 Model region of sustainable development and conflicts islands in th baltic sea / former administrative district (Photo: K: Ziener) transboundery mountain area in Hesse, Bavaria, Thuringia (Photo: K. Ziener) at the beginning of the 1990s district of Rügen and Rhön Region started to focus on sustainable development  „Model Region for Sustainable Regional Development“ enormous conflicts – at last the term “Model region” was rejected low and more simple conflict situation, but greater impact outside Why ? own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  33. 3.5 Model region of sustainable development and conflicts enormous conflicts– at last the term “Model region” was rejected low and more simple conflict situation, but greater impact outside Why ? Basic Conditions • extremely high spatial conflict potential between tourism and nature protection • 2 national parks, 1 biosphere reserve,nature park in development, dynamic tourism development, big pressure on land use, big investors, • transformation situation in the new German federal states (economic crisis, high unemployment rate, high population loss due to migration) • “reunification” of Rhön / transboundary BR Rhön  new Rhön identity, • on the whole, less spatial conflict potential between tourism and nature protection (Rhön region is five times as large as Rügen district with only three-quarters of the overnight stays), • in Hesse and Bavaria, in spite of structural weaknesses, established business structures and more economic protagonists (compared with the new German federal states) own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  34. Citizens’ initiative Rügen: “Recommendations for economic development”  Model region for environmentally friendly development, • from the view point of the economic protagonists model region was solely linked with nature protection (model region = nature protection) • conflict: either landscape preservation or economic development • orientation to an integrated regional development and projects worth supporting (above all, Verein Natur und Lebensraum Rhön, Hessian BR management and Bavarian BR management), • model region linked with the possibility for funding (e.g. LEADER-Program), • only competition in implementation but no conflict between general aims 3.5 Model region of sustainable development and conflicts enormous conflicts– at last the term “Model region” was rejected low and more simple conflict situation, but greater impact outside Why ? Basic Conditions Protagonists own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  35. Competitive conflict situation dissent about goals, each party has only their own interests, neither party desires to reach a globally optimal situation unless it proves beneficial to them Cooperative conflict situationcommon goals, dissent about the way conflict parties being united in achieving a higher goal to reach a globally optimal solution 3.5 Model region of sustainable development and conflicts enormous conflicts– at last the term “Model region” was rejected low and more simple conflict situation, but greater impact outside Why ? Basic Conditions Protagonists Explanation • long process of convergence supported by the “Regional Development Concept Rügen” and moderation by a new regional planner • way with ups and downs, increasing acceptance of the biosphere reserve and its management own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  36. 4. Basic points of a conflict strategy for national parks and biosphere reserves regional view • Identify spatial conflict potentials as early as possible in order to avoid and delimet conflicts (conflict prevention) 2. Consider the rules of conflict management and avoiding (win-win strategy, individual solutions, cooperation, personal contacts) 3. Develop suitable conflict management strategies and tools for the different conflict situationes (conflict types) 4. Consider conflicts not isolated but in the context of former and simultaneous conflicts (conflct hierarchy, conflict experience) 5. Active development and implementation of regional concepts (sustainable regional development, tourism marketing, traffic concepts) own compilation Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  37. Biosphärenpark Wienerwald 5. Application of the findings in other projects IESP – Towards Integrated Ecological Spatial Planning for the Wienerwald Biosphere Reserve Sustainable Wildlife Management and Leisure Activities 2008-2012 F. Reimoser, W. Lexer, Ch. Brandenburg, K. Ziener, B. Schreiber, A. Bartel, H. Tomek, F. Heckl, F. Hirnschall, A. Kasper Source: Biosphärenpark Wienerwald Final Report 2012(pp. 479) Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  38. BR Wienerwald – IESP 5. Application of the findings in other projects Indicator leisure activities recreational use in total activity with dog Picnic Ballooning red deer wild boar Indicator species black stork capercaillies REIMOSER et al. 2012, S. 220 Intensive conflict potential and conflict analysis based on expert interviews in 4 selected areas Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  39. BR Wienerwald – IESP 5. Application of the findings in other projects Overlapping of the habitats of indicator species and the areas of indicator leisure activities sensitivity > < intensity of use REIMOSER et al. 2012, S. 221 Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  40. BR Wienerwald – IESP 5. Application of the findings in other projects Modeling of the probability of indicator leisure activities for the whole biosphere reserve REIMOSER et al. 2012, S. 252, 265 Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  41. BR Wienerwald – IESP 5. Application of the findings in other projects Gathering and modeling of the habitats of indicator species for the whole biosphere reserve REIMOSER et al. 2012, S. 271, 277 Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  42. BR Wienerwald – IESP 5. Application of the findings in other projects Overlapping in order to estimate the spatial conflict potential REIMOSER et al. 2012, S. 281, 287 Only tendencies of expected conflict area Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  43. BR Wienerwald – IESP 5. Application of the findings in other projects REIMOSER et al. 2012, S. 331 Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  44. Leisure-time activities in sensitive landscapes Lack of acceptance of nature-protection related restrictions BR Wienerwald – IESP 5. Application of the findings in other projects Two conflict types as basis for differentiated options for the conflict management REIMOSER et al. 2012, S. 333 Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  45. Literature and Sources: ČR - Správa Národního parku České Švýcarsko – Mapa NP České Švýcarsko 1:50.000: http://www.npcs.cz/sites/default/files/user_files/FTP_NO/Mapy/110301_Vitejte_v_NP_CZ.pdf, ,23.11.2012 UNESCO – Europe & North America (284 biosphere reserves in 34 countries) Last update September 2012: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/, 23.11.2012. Ministry of the Environment (MoE) of the Czech Republic – National Parks: http://www.mzp.cz/en/national_parks, 23.11.2012. Správa CHKO Pálava a Krajské středisko Brno: http://www.palava.ochranaprirody.cz/, 23.11.2012. Ministerstvo zahraničních věcí ČR - Biosférické rezervace UNESCO: http://www.mzv.cz/jnp/cz/zahranicni_vztahy/multilateralni_spoluprace/unesco/cr_v_unesco/biosfericke_rezervace_unesco.html, 23.11.2012. Třeboňsko - CHKO Třeboňsko : http://www.trebonsko.cz/chko-trebonsko, 23.11.2012. Správa CHKO Třeboňsko: http://www.trebonsko.ochranaprirody.cz/, 23.11.2012. ZIENER, Karen (2003): Das Konfliktfeld Erholungsnutzung – Naturschutz in Nationalparken und Bio­sphärenreservaten, Aachen (Habilitationsschrift). BERKEL, Karl (1987): Zur Sozialpsychologie des Konflikts in Organisationen. In: Schulz-Gam­bard, Jürgen (Hrsg.): Angewandte Sozialpsychologie: Konzepte, Ergeb­nisse, Per­spekti­ven, Mün­chen-Weinheim, S. 153-167. BERKEL, Karl (1997): Konflikttraining. Konflikte verstehen, analysieren, bewältigen, 5. neu­be­arbei­tete und erweiterte Auflage, Heidelberg (Arbeitshefte für Führungspsy­cholo­gie, Band 15). University of Maryland – Solutions in your community: Conflict Management Styles : http://www.agrisk.umn.edu/conference/uploads/cterhune0790_02.pdf, 24.11.2012. Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  46. Literature and Sources: Nationale Naturlandschaften – Map of Germany: http://www.nationale-naturlandschaften.com/map-of-germany, 25.11.2012. Nationalparks Austria – Naitonalparks 360°: Die Nationalparks: http://www.nationalparksaustria.at/nationalparks-360-grad/die-nationalparks/, 26.11.2012. Peter Wilhelm Morgan (2012):: A Project Allocation System. URL: http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/intranet/teaching/public/projects/archive/l31112/pdf/PMorgan_A_Project_Allocation_System_Stage_3_FINAL.pdf, 25.11.2012. Biosphärenpark Wienerwald – Zonierung im Biosphärenpark Wienerwald: Download A3: http://www.bpww.at/fileadmin/Redakteure/A3-CD-120326.pdf, 26.11.2012. REIMOSER, Friedrich. LEXER, Wolfgang, BRANDENBURG, Christiane, ZIENER, Karen, SCHREIBER, Bernd, BARTEL, Andreas, TOMMEK, Hemma, HECKEL, Felix, HIRNSCHALL, Florin und Andreas KASPER (2012): Grundlagen für eine integrierte ökolo­gisch-räumliche Planung im Biosphärenpark Wienerwald. Nachhaltiges Wildtiermanagement und Freizeitaktivitäten, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 477 Seiten. URL: http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/IESP-Wienerwald, 26.11.2012. Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

  47. Thank you for your attention Conflicts: Recreation – Nature Conservation Brno and Olomouc, 28.11/.29.112012 Karen Ziener, Klagenfurt, Austria

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