The Philosophy and science of caring in nursing

1. vocabulary and meaning. Jean Watson The Philosophy and science of caring in nursing Bianca Blanco Dana Galloway

2. CARING Caring is a conscious judgment that manifests itself in concrete acts, interpersonally, verbally and nonverbally (Gallagher-Lepak, 171)

3. CARING • Is a unique contribution nursing brings to the health care community • Is not a commodity to be bought and sold • Is an ethical agreement that nursing has with the public to sustain in instances where it may be threatened • Practitioners and patients alike require it

4. Ten Carative Factors Provide a general guidance and understanding where human caring needs lie Uses a decidedly spiritual dimension. Overt evocation of love and care. Each uses a dynamic phenomenological component. The first three are the philosophical foundation for the science of caring.

5. DEFINITIONS,CONCEPTS&NURSING INTERVENTIONS

6. Carative Factor 1:Formation of a Humanistic-Altruistic System of Values: Definition: Satisfaction through giving and extension of the sense of self.

7. 1. Formation of a Humanistic-Altruistic System of Values: • These values learned in childhood (e.g. concern, kindness and empathy) • Is a starting point where will becomes intention that manifests into an act of caring • Can be influenced by nurse-educators. • Having selfless concern and empathy for the welfare of patients works well with difficult patients.

8. Carative Factor 2:Instillation of Faith-Hope Definition: Making possible a sustaining and deep belief system of hope.

9. 2. Instillation of Faith-Hope • Hope is built on acknowledging new possibilities. • Hope arises when patients feel that others care and have hope for them • Nurses can foster patients’ faith and hope in their own capacity to heal and health regimen even when there are no further medical options available.

10. Carative Factor 3:Cultivation of Sensitivity to Self and to Others Definition: The development of recognizing and acknowledging the feelings of ones’ own as well as others.

11. 3. Cultivation of Sensitivity to Self and to Others • Recognition of feelings to self-actualization through self-acceptance for both nurse and patient. • As nurses acknowledge their sensitivity and feelings, they become more genuine, authentic, and sensitive to others. • The nurse attends to the other persons’ interpretation and experiences in the change of health patterns.

12. Carative Factor 4:Development of a helping-trust relationship Definition: To take into account the other’s personhood, life space and view of their own world, and then to bring openess, empathy and warmth into the situation.

13. 4. Development of a helping-trust relationship • Development of helping-trust relationship between the nurse and patient crucial to personal caringand enhances the quality of care. • Facilitates nursing care. • Trusting relationship promotes expression of positive and negative feelings. • Either positive or negative is expressed physically. Nurses must be aware of body language when creating healing experiences with patients.

14. Carative factor 5:Promotion and Acceptance of the Expression of Positive and Negative Feelings Definition: Incorporates actions of being open to, nonjudgmental of, and supportive of the expression of positive and negative feelings from the patient.

15. 5. Promotion and Acceptance of the Expression of Positive and Negative Feelings • Sharing of feelings is risk-taking for nurse and patience. • The nurse must be prepared for either positive or negative feelings. • The nurse must recognize the intellectual and emotional understandings of a situation differ.

16. Carative Factor 6: Systematic Use of Creative Problem Solving Process Definition: The use of knowledge from the affective, cognitive and psychomotor domains; the generation of fresh ideas and independent thought rather that relying on learned ways to solve problems.

17. 6. Systematic Use of Creative Problem Solving Process • Use of the nursing process brings a scientific problem-solving approach to nursing care, dispelling the old image of a nurse being a doctor’s handmaiden. • The nursing process is similar to the research process in that it is systematic and organized. • This is a portion of the art of caring-healing process.

18. Carative Factor 7: The Promotion of Interpersonal Teaching-Learning Definition: The way the nurse approaches patient learning rather than the mere act of providing information.

19. 7. Promotion of Interpersonal Teaching-Learning • Separates caring from curing. • Allows the patient to be informed and shifts responsibility for wellness to the patient. • Nurse facilitates this process with teaching-learning to enable patients to provide self-care giving them a sense of empowerment over their changing health patterns. • Determine personal needs, and provide opportunities for their personal growth. • Transpersonal teaching engages the patients as the nurse assess for readiness to learn, preexisting knowledge, feelings and desired goals.

20. Carative Factor 8:The Provision For Supportive, Protective, and/or Corrective Mental, Physical, Societal and Spiritual Environment Definition: Creating actions that potentiate beauty, comfort, dignity and peace where tending to the physical environment provides for and heals the body, mind and spirit.

21. 8. Provision for Supportive, Protective, and Corrective Mental, Physical, Sociocultural, and Spiritual Environmental • Nurses must recognize the internal and external environments have on the changing health patterns of individuals • Concepts relevant to the internal include mental and spiritual well-being and sociocultural beliefs of an individual. • In addition to epidemiological variables, other variables include comfort, privacy, safety, clean, aesthetic surroundings. • Nurses can help patients in pain control by creating a soothing and healing environment even in a hospital room.

22. Carative Factor 9:Assistance With the Gratification of Human Needs Definition: The fulfillment of both lower (physiological and safety) and higher- order (belonging, esteem) needs .

23. 9. Assistance with Gratification of Human Needs • The nurse recognizes biophysical, psychophysical, psychosocial, and intrapersonal needs of self and patient. • Nursing interventions used to assist in the gratification of human needs can also align mind-body-spirit and potentiate unity of self. • Patients entrust nurses with their well-being. • The power of healing touch (Touch gratifies a human need) creating a physical and para-physical connection.

24. Carative Factor 10:Allowing for Existential-Phenomenological-Spiritual Dimensions of Caring Definition: Addressing the identity of each person and pulling out the personal meaning in each situation.

25. 10. Allowing for Existential-Phenomenological-Spiritual Dimensions of Caring • Phenomenology-data of the immediate situation that help us understand phenomena at hand. • Nursing practice supports the narrative, subjective appreciation of a person’s inner world. • Helps the nurse help the patient find meaning and wholeness in life. • Goals are preventive health, situational support, teaching problem-solving skills, recognizing coping skills and adaptation to loss.