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General Medical Conditions

General Medical Conditions. Heart. Circulates oxygenated blood throughout the body to the working tissues. Lungs. Transports oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and releases carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. Kidneys.

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General Medical Conditions

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  1. General Medical Conditions

  2. Heart • Circulates oxygenated blood throughout the body to the working tissues

  3. Lungs • Transports oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and releases carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere

  4. Kidneys • Filters metabolic waste, ions, or drugs from blood and expels them from the body through urination

  5. Ureters and Urinary Bladder • Stores urine

  6. Liver • Performs digestive and excretory functions, absorbs and stores excessive glucose, processes nutrients, detoxifies harmful chemicals, secretes bile (neutralizes and dilutes stomach acid and digests fats in the small intestine)

  7. Gallbladder • Storage for bile secreted from the liver and secretes bile into the small intestine • Gallstone: caused by cholesterol, blocks the release of bile

  8. Pancreas • Secretes pancreatic juice which is critical for the digestion of fats, carbs, and proteins. It also produces insulin and glucagon which are hormones that control the amount of glucose and amino acids in the blood

  9. Stomach • Stores and mixes food that has been ingested

  10. Small Intestine • 20 ft in length • Most of the digestion and absorption of food occurs here

  11. Large Intestine • 6.5 ft long • Chyme (ingested food mixed with stomach secretions) is converted into feces through the absorption of water, secretion of mucus, and activity of microorganisms

  12. Spleen • Serves as a reservoir of red blood cells, regulates the number of RBC in circulation, destroys ineffective RBC, produces antibodies for immunological function, produces lymphocytes

  13. Male Reproductive Organs

  14. Female Reproductive Organs

  15. Gen Med Conditions • Pneumothorax • Pleural cavity becomes filled with air that has entered through an opening in the chest causing the lung to collapse • Hemothorax • Presence of blood within the pleural cavity resulting from tearing or puncturing of the lung or pleural tissue

  16. Gen Med Conditions • Kidney Stones (Calculus) • Composed of crytalline mineral salts (calcium, phosphate, uric acid) that form in the urinary tract • Arise when the kidney is supersaturated with salt

  17. Gen Med Conditions • Urinary Tract Infections • Usually caused by staphylococcus bacteria or chlamydia

  18. Gen Med Conditions • Food Poisoning (Gastroenteritis) • Results from infectious organisms (bacteria of the salmonella group, certain staphylococci, streptococci, or dysentary bacilli) that enter the body via food or drink • Staph infections usually reside in 3-6 hours • Salmonella infections reside in 24-48+ hours

  19. Gen Med Conditions • Spermatic Cord Torsion • Testicle’s revolving around the scrotum after a direct blow or coughing/vomiting

  20. Gen Med Conditions • Rhinovirus (Common Cold) • Transmitted by droplets expelled by a person via sneezing, coughing, speaking or touching a contaminated object and rubbing your eyes • Most last 5-10 days

  21. Gen Med Conditions • Infectious Mononucleosis • Caused by the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) which is a member of the herpes group • Raises the risk of splenic rupture • Transmitted through saliva (The Kissing Disease)

  22. Gen Med Conditions • Rubella (German Measles) • Viral Disease • Usually occurs during childhood • Sx: Temperature elevation, sore throat, drowsiness, swollen lymph glands and red spots on the palate • Rash begins on face and forehead and spread to the trunk and the extremities

  23. Gen Med Conditions • Rubeola (Measles) • Often occurs in childhood • Causes sneezing, nasal congestion, coughing malaise, photophobia, spots in the mouth, conjunctivitis, fever

  24. Gen Med Conditions • Mumps (Parotitis) • Viral disease • Inflammation of the parotid and other salivary glands • Causes malaise, chills, fever, headache, painful swallowing, jaw pain

  25. Gen Med Conditions • Varicella (Chicken Pox) • More likely to occur in children • Usually contagious for 11 days • Sx: Slight fever and eruption of a rash

  26. Gen Med Conditions • Asthma • Can be caused by a viral respiratory tract infection, emotional stress, changes in humidity, exercise, noxious odor, or specific allergens • Spasm of the bronchial smooth muscles, edema, and inflammation of the mucous membrane

  27. Gen Med Conditions • Cystic Fibrosis • Genetic disorder that can manifest as a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pancreatic deficiency, urogenital dysfunction, and increased electrolytes in sweat • Maximum life expectancy is 30 years • Sx: bronchitis, pneumonia, respiratory failure, gallbladder disease, pancreatitis diabetes, and nutritional deficiencies

  28. Gen Med Conditions • Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy • Hereditary disease where there is degeneration of skeletal muscle • Onset is usually between 2-10 years old • Sx: frequent falls, scoliosis, postural abnormalities. Usually affects the hips, then the legs, and finally the abdomen and spinal musculature • Death usually occurs before age 20

  29. Gen Med Conditions • Meningitis • Inflammation of the meninges that surround the spinal cord and brain caused by infection • Bacteria may enter the CNS through the nose or throat following infections of the ear, nose, and respiratory tract • Causes swelling of the brain, enlargement of the ventricles, hemorrhage of the brain stem, high fever, stiff neck, intense headaches, sensitivity to light and sound, and progresses to vomiting, convulsions, and coma

  30. Gen Med Conditions • Multiple Sclerosis • Autoimmune inflammatory disease of the CNS that causes deterioration and permanent damage to the myelin sheath that surrounds a nerve cell axon • Usually affects people 20-40 y.o. • Exact cause is uncertain • No cure

  31. Gen Med Conditions • Iron Deficiency Anemia • RBCs are too small, hemoglobin is decreased, and ferritin concentration is low • Sx: Decline in performance, burning thighs, nausea, ice cravings

  32. Gen Med Conditions • Sickle Cell Anemia • Mostly found in African Americans, Native Americans, and Mediterranean populations • If both parents have it, the child will have it • If 1 parent has it, the child will not have it • Red cells are sickle/crescent shaped and have less potential for transporting oxygen • Can cause clogging of blood vessels • Sx: fever, fatigue, pallor, muscle weakness, pain in limbs and abdomen

  33. Gen Med Conditions • Hemophilia • Deficiency of any clotting factors in the blood • No cure

  34. Gen Med Conditions • Diabetes Mellitus • Complete or partial decrease in the secretion of insulin by the pancreas • Sx: Frequent urination, constant thirst, weight loss, constant hunger, fatigue, weakness, itchy dry sky, blurred vision • Type 1 – Insulin Dependent • Type 2 – Non-Insulin Dependent • Associated with obesity

  35. Gen Med Conditions • Cancer • Condition where cellular behavior becomes abnormal • Causes: viruses, UV radiation, chemicals (tobacco), alcohol, many more

  36. Gen Med Conditions • Chlamydia Trachomatis • Most common STI in the US • Males: inflammation, purulent discharge, painful urination, traces of blood in urine • Females: Most are asymptomatic but may experience vaginal discharge, painful urination, pelvic pain, and pain/inflammation in other sites

  37. Gen Med Conditions • Genital Herpes • Causes itching, soreness, women may be asymptomatic in the vagina and cervix • No cure

  38. Gen Med Conditions • CondylomaAcuminata (Venereal Warts) • Produces nodules that have cauliflower-like lesions or can be singular

  39. Gen Med Conditions • Gonorrhea • Infects the urethra, cervix, and rectum • Sx: Tingling sensation in the urethra, greenish-yellow discharge of pus, painful urination • 60% of women are asymptomatic • Untreated gonorrhea usually causes sterility or arthritis

  40. Gen Med Conditions • Female Athlete Triad • Disordered eating • Amenorrhea • Osteoporosis

  41. Skin Conditions

  42. Skin Conditions • Hyperkeratosis • Calluses • Epidermal skin layer increases in thickness with constant friction and pressure

  43. Skin Conditions • Blisters • Shearing forces produce a raised area containing a collection of fluid below or within the epidermis

  44. Skin Conditions • Ingrown toenails • Nail grows laterally into the nail fold and enters the skin • Cut nails straight across

  45. Skin Conditions • Abrasion • When the skin is scraped against a rough surface

  46. Skin Conditions • Punctures • Direct penetration by a pointed object • Immediate referral to physician • Lacerations • When a sharp or pointed object tears the tissues, giving the wound a jagged edge

  47. Skin Conditions • Incisions • Smooth cut • Avulsions • Skin is torn from body • Bruise • “Ecchymosis” • Disruption of superficial blood vessels

  48. Skin Conditions • Impetigo Contagiosa • Bacterial infection • Mild itching, soreness, eruption of small vesicles and/or postules that rupture to form honey-colored crusts

  49. Skin Conditions • Furunculosis (Boils) • Bacterial Infection • Infection of the hair follicle • Pustule becomes enlarged, reddened, and hard • Most will erupt on their own, releasing pus • Do not squeeze!

  50. Skin Conditions • Acne Vulgaris • Inflammatory disease involving hair follicle and sebaceous glands • Whiteheads, blackheads, papules, pustules, cysts • Not a result of dirty skin • May be caused by sex hormones

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