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Gender and Poverty. A mother picks her children up from day care; the single mother of two is struggling to make ends meet on her receptionists salary as day care and medical costs rise. Eva Kuksi. Poverty rates are higher for women than men.
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Gender and Poverty A mother picks her children up from day care; the single mother of two is struggling to make ends meet on her receptionists salary as day care and medical costs rise. Eva Kuksi
Poverty rates are higher for women than men Women are poorer than men in all racial and ethnic groups.
Single Mothers and Children Only one quarter of all adult women (age 18 and older) with incomes below the poverty line are single mothers.
Elderly women are far more likely to be poor then elderly men.
Why are More Women living in Poverty? • Women are paid less then Men. • Women are segregated into low paying occupations. • Women provide more un-paid caregiving then men. • Women are more likely to bear the cost of raising children. • Pregnancy affects a women’s opportunities. • Domestic and sexual violence can push a woman into a cycle of poverty.
What can we do? • Women receive the pay they deserve and equal work conditions • Women have access to higher-paying jobs • Women in workforce have affordable child and elder care • as well as access to flexible work schedules and paid family leave • Women receive the support through expanded tax credits to help meet the costs of raising their families • Women receive the contraceptive services they need so that they can plan their families • Women receive the support and protection they need to leave violent situations while maintaining job and housing stability
What is the official U.S. government measure of poverty? What is wrong with the poverty guidelines?
HistoryGender Stratification: Meriah hall
Roles of females Past Present
Roles of manTimes have changed!! Past Present
Men • Common gender stereotypes associated with men are: • - aggressive • - no emotions • - loud • - messy • - athletic • - math and science oriented • - money maker • - naughty
Woman • Common gender stereotypes associated with women are: • - submissive -childbearing • - emotional • - quiet • - neat • - clean • - clumsy • - artsy • - housewife
Girlsssrulee Boysss drool What are little boys made of ? Snips and snails, and puppy dog tails, That's what little boys are made of. • Boys are from Mars What are little girls made of ? Sugar and spice, and everything nice, That's what little girls are made of. Girls are from Venus
Gender Stratification in the Military Robert Glenn
Gender Stratification • Gender Roles: society’s expectations of how males and females should act and think. • Sexism: the belief that one sex is superior to the other. • A recent survey conducted by West Point’s Department of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership showed what roles ROTC, West Point, and civilian students approved of women fulfilling in the military. • Women only make up about 15% of military members serving on active duty. • By far, the job that received the highest approval rating for women as a typist in the Pentagon. • Any job that required women to serve in a combat zone, even in traditional feminine professions, such as nursing, received low marks. • The majority of those surveyed do not believe women should be combat soldiers. • Women serving in direct combat roles is currently illegal.
Gender Stratification • The is chart depicts occupational distribution of Female offices DOD-Wide in 1990 and 1998. • Over 40 percent of women officers where in the health care field. • The second highest field was administration with about 20 percent in 1990 and 10 percent in 1998. • Over half of all women serving in the DOD at this time frame served in either the health care or administration field. • In 1990 there were no women serving as general/field grade officers, meaning that there no females who served as an operational commander. • By 1998 the figure had increased, slightly, to 2 percent. • There was a slight increase seen in the amount of women serving in tactical positions, such as pilots, aircraft crews, ground and naval arms officers, and missiles and weapons officers.
AFFERMITAVE ACTION Counteracting the past generations lingering effects of discrimination. Rob Ganoe
A new view for America As WWII took the men from the fields and factories, the women began taking their place to insure the productivity of the United States remained strong. In 1940 only 20% of women of working age were in the job market. By 1991 this figure had risen to 57 percent. Greater participation in the labor force does not, however, translate into empowerment
There still lies the difference when it comes to salary, between sexes. It is still seen today that women are paid less for doing the exact same job as a man.
Women are often held back • The glass ceiling as a seemingly invisible barrier, which makes it difficult for women to reach the top of their professions. • This is prevalent within large corporations and government occupations.
This led to Affirmative Action • 1941 FDR – signed Executive Order – 8802 Outlawing segregation hiring for defense contractors. • 1961 J.F.K - signed the Executive Order – 10925 First used the phrase “Affirmative Action” “take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed and treated during employment, without regard to race, color, religion or national origin.” • 1965 Johnson – expanded Kennedy's order including “women” into these benefits Affirmative Action met opposition on the grounds of so-called “reverse discrimination” and un-warranted / un-fair preferences.
The “White Male” became the victim to this form of discrimination. • Two percent of the nearly 91,000 claims of un-fair labor/hiring each year, are found to be validated for discrimination against a Caucasian male. • College students were not isolated from this practice. • In order for a college or university to keep state or federal funding, a guideline for enrolment must be kept to a ratio consisting of : sex/race/origin.
By 2005 this Government sanctioned treatment had been set aside for a merit system to “bring the playing field level once more.” • However this placed power back into the hands of the wealthy class, with few checks and balances. • It is yet to be seen if Man/Woman can exist in a world without gender, racial or ethnic conflict. The end of Affirmative Action As Americans, we should be more tolerant toward one another, but we have seemed to be lost in our own fight to be number one without care for our neighbor.
