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Java Tools and Programming Guide

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Learn about Java tools like javac, jar, javadoc, apt, jar, and javap. Understand Java compiler, archives, annotations, and more in this comprehensive guide.

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Java Tools and Programming Guide

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  1. Java tools Java programming ID1006 20 Sep 2010

  2. javac – Java compiler • Java source code files: *.java • Java byte code files: *.class • Java resource archives: *.jar • javac compiles .java files into .class files • Can be run interactively or from build tools

  3. javac – The Java compiler .java javac .class java (JVM) Source code text Compilation Byte code Execution

  4. javac – The Java compiler • javac [options][sourcefiles][classes][@argfiles] • i.e.: javac Parser.java • -classpath • or environment variable CLASSPATH

  5. Classpath / asg1/ asg2/ asg3/ FleschTest.class FleschMeter.class SyllableCounter.class Token.class WordToken.class PunctToken.class TextMeter.class Parser.class LixTest.class LixMeter.class SET CLASSPATH=.;..\asg1;..\asg2;..\asg3

  6. javadoc • Compiles documentation from Java source code .java javadoc .html .css ... Web browser Source code text Compilation HTML pages Reading

  7. javadoc • Comments /** ... */ before the documented item /** * Computes the square of an integer. * @param i The integer to square * @return The squared value of its argument */ public int square(int i) { return i*i; }

  8. javadoc • @param name desc – documents arguments • @return desc – documents return value • @throws exception desc – documents the conditions under which an exception is thrown

  9. javadoc • http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/javadoc/index.html • http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/tools/windows/javadoc.html#javadoctags

  10. apt • annotation processing tool • Allows the adding of metadata to code • Annotations do not alter the meaning of the code, but... • ...libraries and other tools may alter their behaviour in response to annotations

  11. apt /** * Describes the Request-For-Enhancement(RFE) that led * to the presence of the annotated API element. */ public @interface RequestForEnhancement { int id(); String synopsis(); String engineer() default "[unassigned]"; String date() default "[unimplemented]"; } This is an annotation type

  12. apt @-sign /** * Describes the Request-For-Enhancement(RFE) that led * to the presence of the annotated API element. */ public @interface RequestForEnhancement { int id(); String synopsis(); String engineer() default "[unassigned]"; String date() default "[unimplemented]"; }

  13. apt @-sign /** * Describes the Request-For-Enhancement(RFE) that led * to the presence of the annotated API element. */ public @interface RequestForEnhancement { int id(); String synopsis(); String engineer() default "[unassigned]"; String date() default "[unimplemented]"; } Default values

  14. apt @RequestForEnhancement( id = 2868724, synopsis = "Enable time-travel", engineer = "Mr. Peabody", date = "4/1/3007" ) public static void travelThroughTime(Date destination) { ... }

  15. apt @RequestForEnhancement( id = 2868724, synopsis = "Enable time-travel", engineer = "Mr. Peabody", date = "4/1/3007" ) public static void travelThroughTime(Date destination) { ... } The annotation preceeds the annotated method

  16. apt @RequestForEnhancement( id = 2868724, synopsis = "Enable time-travel", engineer = "Mr. Peabody", date = "4/1/3007" ) public static void travelThroughTime(Date destination) { ... } The annotation preceeds the annotated method Ordinary Java method

  17. apt • Annotations can be used to control • Automated software testing • Documentation tools • Automated software configuration • and more...

  18. apt • http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/language/annotations.html

  19. jar • Java archive • Stores class files, images, sounds etc in a single file • Supports compression • Used to package libraries and applications • Fetch-and-run over the Internet

  20. jar • Create an archive: jar cf jarfile inputfile ... • jar cf Foo.jar *.class *.jpg Create Next argument is the file name of the archive Files to be copied into the archive

  21. jar • Create an archive: jar cf jarfile inputfile ... • jar cf Foo.jar *.class *.jpg • Unpack an archive: jar xf jarfile • jar xf Foo.jar

  22. jar • Create an archive: jar cf jarfile inputfile ... • jar cf Foo.jar *.class *.jpg • Unpack an archive: jar xf jarfile • jar xf Foo.jar • Run from an archive*: java –jar jarfile • java –jar Foo.jar * Requires jar manifest meta-data: main class and classpath

  23. jar • http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/jar/index.html • http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/tools/windows/jar.html

  24. javap • Java disassembler • Shows class fields and methods • javap [options] classname • -public|-protected|-private|-package • -s show internal signatures • -c show byte code

  25. javap • http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/tools/windows/javap.html

  26. RMI • Remote Method Invocation • One JVM calls methods on a remote JVM • Client and service

  27. Remote Method Invocation Jvm A Jvm B

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