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Geology and Geography of Oil

Geology and Geography of Oil. Outline. Energy resource overview The geology of oil Origin of oil How to find oil The geography of oil: resource, production and consumption. Nuclear power 6%. Nuclear power 8%. Hydropower, geothermal, solar, wind 7%. Hydropower geothermal solar, wind

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Geology and Geography of Oil

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  1. Geology and Geography of Oil

  2. Outline • Energy resource overview • The geology of oil • Origin of oil • How to find oil • The geography of oil: resource, production and consumption

  3. Nuclear power 6% Nuclear power 8% Hydropower, geothermal, solar, wind 7% Hydropower geothermal solar, wind 4% Natural Gas 23% Natural Gas 23% Biomass 11% Coal 22% Coal 21% Oil 39% Oil 32% Biomass 4% World United States Energy Resources

  4. 3,500 Oil 3,000 2,500 Coal 2,000 Oil equivalent (millions of metric tons) 1,500 1,000 Natural gas 500 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year GlobalConsumption of Fossil Fuels

  5. Society Kilocalories per Person per Day Modern industrial (United States) 260,000 Modern industrial (other developed nations) 130,000 Early industrial 60,000 Advanced agricultural 20,000 Daily Energy Use Per Person in Different Stages of Development Early agricultural 12,000 Hunter– gatherer 5,000 Primitive 2,000

  6. Per Capita Energy Use and GNP

  7. The Story of Petroleum

  8. Gas – C1-C4 Liquid – C5-C15 Solid – above C15 Chemical composition of OilHydrocarbons

  9. Petroleum forms from oceanic micro-organisms

  10. Natural “traps” keep oil and gas from oozing out at the surface

  11. How to find oil: Source rock, reservoir rock, structural traps

  12. Organic rich shale Late Cretaceous (90 Ma) Late Jurassic (150 Ma) Oil window Thermal history 60-120oC 2000-4500 meter Source Rock

  13. Reservoir Rock • Porosity and permeability • Sandstone and limestone

  14. Oil Traps

  15. How to find oil • Surface exploration • Subsurface exploration • Seismic reflection • Drilling

  16. Oil seep

  17. Source rock analysis

  18. Exploration Wells - Wildcats

  19. Location of world petroleum deposits

  20. Western Europe 2% North America 6.7% Africa 5% Latin America 6.5% Eastern Europe and Russia 8% Middle East 67.9% Far East and Oceania 5.9% Regional Shares of Proved Oil Reserves

  21. Oil Reserve by Country

  22. Countries with most oil reserve

  23. Oil Production by Country

  24. Top Oil producing countries

  25. Oil Export by Country

  26. Top petroleum-exporting countries • In order of amount exported in 2003: • Saudi Arabia (OPEC) • Russia • Norway • Iran (OPEC) • United Arab Emirates (OPEC) • Venezuela (OPEC) • Kuwait (OPEC) • Nigeria (OPEC) • Mexico • Algeria (OPEC) • Libya (OPEC)

  27. Consumption by Country

  28. Top petroleum-consuming countries

  29. Oil Import by Country

  30. Top petroleum-importing countries

  31. International Crude Oil Flow by Sea

  32. Future of Oil – Peak Oil?

  33. US Oil Discovery and Production

  34. Oil Discovery (3 year average - past and projected) 1930-2050

  35. Petroleum depletion

  36. Oil Use in US • 62% of energy comes from oil and natural gas • 95% of energy used for transportation comes from oil • 1.7% of world oil reserve • Use 30% of global oil production • 70% for transportation • Import 60% of oil supplies

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