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Andreas Middendorf Technische Universität Berlin

„EU Environment Policy and its perspective to business “ Thursday, 29 May 2008 Imperial Queen’s Park Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand EU Eco-Design and Strategies: Benefits of being Green. Andreas Middendorf Technische Universität Berlin Nils F. Nissen, Karsten Schischke, Lutz Stobbe Fraunhofer IZM

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Andreas Middendorf Technische Universität Berlin

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  1. „EU Environment Policyanditsperspectivetobusiness“Thursday, 29 May 2008Imperial Queen’s Park Hotel, Bangkok, ThailandEU Eco-Design and Strategies: Benefits of being Green Andreas Middendorf Technische Universität Berlin Nils F. Nissen, Karsten Schischke, Lutz Stobbe Fraunhofer IZM Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany

  2. Excellence in Applied Research Overview Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Information Technology 56 Institutes Micro Electronics 13 000Employees Surface Engineering/ Photonics app. 1.3 Bil. € Turn Over Materials appr. 65%Contract Research ProductionTechnologies Life Science

  3. Environmental Engineering • Design of green electronic systems • Analysis of electronic products, manufacturing and packaging • Environmental assessment and life cycle costing • Transition management of lead free interconnection systems • Estimation of remaining lifetime for service and reuse • End of life strategies (reuse and recycling) • Demonstration center product cycles

  4. Outline • 2005 EcoDesign Campaign • EU Policy Framework: Energy Efficiency labeling and EuP Directive • Technology Impacts – examples based on • External Power Supplies • Televisions • Standby and Off-mode losses • SCP / Ecodesign Implementation in Thailand & Malaysia • Conclusions

  5. EU EcoDesign Campaign EcoDesign Awareness Raising Campaign for Electrical & Electronics SMEs 28 workshops all over Europe (21 countries) Target sector size: 170.000 SMEs 1.200 participants (600 from SMEs) Organised by: Fraunhofer IZM, Berlin Financed by European Commission, DG TREN www.EcoDesignARC.info • Workshop documentation • 25 Business casestudies • Comprehensiveteaching material

  6. EU EcoDesign Campaign „Real life“ motivationforeco-design • benchmarking with competitors – developing a better product • „green“ innovations – technological, functionality, and environmental improvements realised in parallel • Cost savings – usually through component reduction and decreased material variety • Serving a market niche • Corporate and product image / public procurement • Selling a service instead of a product • (RoHS / WEEE preparation)

  7. EU EcoDesign Campaign • Recommended follow-ups (1) Further awareness raising and education • Implementing eco-design topics as integrated or side-activity at technological conferences and at appropriate trade fairs • Qualified publications in technical magazines, journals • Integrating eco-design aspects in university curricula (mid-term strategy), combined with educational services for professionals (2) Eco-design implementation in SMEs • Mentoring programmes for tool application and strategy development • Regional working groups / round tables on specific issues • Information services: Legislation orientations, funding resources, matchmaking with experts • Research: Guideline for eco-design – the designer’s perspective, and merging of eco-design tools and conventional design tools

  8. Outline • 2005 EcoDesign Campaign • EU Policy Framework: Energy Efficiency labeling and EuP Directive • Technology Impacts – examples based on • External Power Supplies • Televisions • Standby and Off-mode losses • SCP / Ecodesign Implementation in Thailand & Malaysia • Conclusions

  9. EuP Directive: Introduction • Framework Directive for the setting of eco-design requirements for Energy using Products (2005/32/EC) • Full text: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32005L0032:EN:NOT • Framework directive = NO direct obligations for manufacturers Scope • Products, which are“dependent on energy input (electricity, fossil fuels and renewable energy sources) to work as intended, or a product for the generation, transfer and measurement of such energy“ • Ecodesign requirements: • Implementation of life cycle thinking • Focus on energy (motivated by global warming)

  10. EuP Directive: Introduction • Implementing Measures • will be drafted by the European Commission for • dedicated product groups • horizontal aspects • are proposed for product categories which (Art. 15) • represent a significant volume of sales in the EU market (> 200.000 units/year) • involve a significant environmental impact and • present a significant potential for improvement • will be developed based on a scientific technical, environmental and economic analysis (“EuP Preparatory Studies”, which will check Art. 15 criteria)

  11. EuP Directive: Introduction • … Compiled by: Fraunhofer IZM

  12. EuP Directive: Introduction • Specific Requirements • threshold values, for e.g. • power consumption in various modes, consumption of consumables, content of certain materials … • Generic Requirements • general improvement of environmental performance; focus on significant aspects • “Ecological Profile”: • Assessing for individual life cycle phases consumption / emissions / physical impacts / waste etc. etc. • Assessment of design alternatives • (consumer) information

  13. Standardisation Mandate (CENELEC) uP Synergies of EU Policies EuP Preparatory Studies Measurement / Standardisation Requirements Significant Environmental Impacts Improvement Potential Least LifeCycle Costs EUEco-Label EU Energy Efficiency Label EuPImplementing Measures Voluntary Agreements When ambitious compared with business as usual and significant share of the market GenericRequirements SpecificRequirements or voluntary mandatory mandatory • Revision • 5-10 years depending on product group and progress of technology but staged requirements possible • Dynamic but predictable to encourage improvement products while providing clarity on investments for Industry • Consistent - Thresholds to be maintained (A becomes D etc.) • - Reward Development of ‘good’ products, compatibility of incentives

  14. Effect of Minimum Requirements + Energy Efficiency labeling with EuP minimum performance standard with EuP minimum performance standard and labeling Number of units sold Before EuP EuP minimum performance standard class G class F class E class D class C class B class A Environmental performance, e.g. energy efficiency

  15. Success Story: Energy Efficiency Labelling in the EU • Market share of household refigerators and freezers CECED 2nd annual report. CECED Unilateral Commitment on reducing energy consumption of household refrigerators and freezers, 2nd annual report to the Commission of the European Communities, CECED (www.ceced.org) December 2005 • It works, because consumer cares about energy costs!

  16. Outline • 2005 EcoDesign Campaign • EU Policy Framework: Energy Efficiency labeling and EuP Directive • Technology Impacts • External Power Supplies • Televisions • Standby and Off-mode losses • SCP / Ecodesign Implementation in Thailand & Malaysia • Conclusions

  17. External Power Supplies • European Commission Proposal • Tier 1: after 6 months • Tier 2: after 2 years Based on EuP Preparatory Study by Bio IS / Fraunhofer IZM, Energy Star database, adapted by IZM No-Load Requirements for External Power Supplies

  18. External Power Supplies • Technology Impacts • External ac-dc power supplies based on linear technology will see a de-facto ban with tier 1 • Tier 2 will challenge also many switch-mode power supplies • Tier 2 no-load requirements will result in a shift from (less efficient) ac-ac to ac-dc power supplies (e.g. for cordless phones) • Ambitious efficiency and no-load standards are not likely to have an adverse effect elsewhere in the life cycle; ban of linear power supplies means significant material savings No-Load Requirements for External Power Supplies

  19. Outline • 2005 EcoDesign Campaign • EU Policy Framework: Energy Efficiency labeling and EuP Directive • Technology Impacts • External Power Supplies • Televisions • Standby and Off-mode losses • SCP / Ecodesign Implementation in Thailand & Malaysia • Conclusions

  20. Televisions: Exemplary Assessment Results source: EuP Preparatory Study on TVs, by Fraunhofer IZM

  21. Areas for Improvement of LCD-TV Panel & BLU Cover (antireflective / hard coating) Horizontal polarization filter Front glass substrate Color filter and Black matrix Liquid crystal Thin Film Transistor (TFT) Glass panel with TFT (ITO) Vertical polarization filter CCFL or LED Backlight PSU Efficiency Materials & Design

  22. Televisions: Overview (non-display) Technical Options for Lower Power Consumption

  23. Televisions: General Ecodesign Options

  24. Televisions: Policy Recommendations Energy efficiency • Based on results of the preparatory study • Threshold limit proposed • Parameter: screen size • Additional energy consumption allowance for “full High Definition” TVs PTVon = aScreen · b · Pascreen + c · PBasic+ Pfeature • With Pascreen = 0.275 W/in², PBasic = 40 W • Threshold limit for HD ready: b = 1, c = 1 for full HD: b = 1.4, c = 1

  25. Televisions: Policy Recommendations Energy efficiency • Based on results of the preparatory study • Threshold limit proposed for HD ready:

  26. Televisions Comparison of Recommendation for EuP Minimum Requirements, EU Energy Efficiency Labeling 500 450 400 MR (full HD), Class G 350 MR (non-full HD), Class F Class E 300 Class D Class C 250 Power Consumption (in Watts) Class B 200 Class A 150 100 50 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Screen surface area (in inch²) Energy efficiency • Comparison of power consumption requirements Plasma full HD Plasma others LCDs RPs CRTs

  27. Televisions Energy efficiency labeling • Based on results of the preparatory study • 7 classes A-G proposed (coherent with existing classification for White Goods) • A: 50% better than the minimum requirement for HD ready TVs • Each class means 10% improvement compared to minimum requirement • G: for full HD TVs only • Estimate: Rear-projection TVs are likely to achieve class A, for LCD TVs majority might achieve C and D

  28. Televisions Scenarios • Business-as-usual • Minimum requirement • Energy efficiency label class B (40% improvement)

  29. Outline • 2005 EcoDesign Campaign • EU Policy Framework: Energy Efficiency labeling and EuP Directive • Technology Impacts • External Power Supplies • Televisions • Standby and Off-mode losses • SCP / Ecodesign Implementation in Thailand & Malaysia • Conclusions

  30. Standby and Off-mode Scope (EC proposal, May 14, 2008) • Large household appliances • Small household appliances • IT and telecommunications equipment • Consumer equipment • Toys, leisure and sports equipment • Monitoring and control instruments • (might be overruled by product specific implementing measures)

  31. Standby and Off-mode Definitions (EC proposal, May 14, 2008) Off mode The equipment is connected to a mains power source and provides no function. A mere indication of the off mode condition is also considered off mode. Standby • The equipment is connected to the mains power source and provides only the following functions, which may persist for an indefinite time: • reactivation function, or reactivation function and a mere indication of enabled reactivation function, and/or • information or status display, (not considered as standby: • preheating functions • sensor-based safety functions • network reactivation and network integrity functions)

  32. Standby and Off-mode Standby Power Minimum Standards (EC proposal, May 14, 2008) • 2-tier approach • Tier 1: one year after IM has come into force • Tier 2: four years after IM has come into force

  33. Outline • 2005 EcoDesign Campaign • EU Policy Framework: Energy Efficiency labeling and EuP Directive • Technology Impacts • External Power Supplies • Televisions • Standby and Off-mode losses • SCP / Ecodesign Implementation in Thailand & Malaysia • Conclusions

  34. Sustainable Consumption and Production • EU AsiaProEco II Project • Implementing tools for SCP & ecodesign in selected EE SMEs in Malaysia & Thailand • Project coordination / implementing partner Malaysia:SIRIM Sdn. Bhd. • Implementing partner Thailand:Thailand Environment Institute • SCP / ecodesign / EuP experts:Fraunhofer IZM (Germany), Universitat Rovira I Virgili (Spain) • Project duration: 12/2005 – 06/2008

  35. Sustainable Consumption and Production • EU AsiaProEco II Project • Customizing of a set of SCP tools and practical implementation in target companies: • Life Cycle Assessments (full scale assessments) • VHK EuP EcoReport (screening assessments) • Mass and energy balances • Compiling Material Declarations (products, components) • Toxic Potential Indicator (focus on toxic substances) • Flow cost accounting (process perspective on costs) • Efficient implementation: Choosing the appropriate approach depending on the company profile • 7 Success Stories, e.g. Bitwise, Leonics, Thai Energy Conservation as “SCP light houses” in Thailand

  36. Outline • 2005 EcoDesign Campaign • EU Policy Framework: Energy Efficiency labeling and EuP Directive • Technology Impacts • External Power Supplies • Televisions • Standby and Off-mode losses • SCP / Ecodesign Implementation in Thailand & Malaysia • Conclusions

  37. Conclusions • EuP: For the first time, a thorough balancing of life cycle impacts is the basis for setting legal requirements • Ecodesign of EuP means in most cases design for energy efficiency • Policy mix: Minimum requirements (for market push) and efficiency labeling (transparency for market pull) • Minimum requirements will lead to technology bans (global impact) • Standardization and international harmonization are a crucial point for EuP (influence on standardization processes; EU learns from California, India is investigating adapted EuP approach) • Proactive company strategy is essential for global competition • Companies need customized assistance

  38. Joint International Congress and Exhibition in conjunction with the 1st World ReUse Forum Merging Technology and Sustainable Development September 8 – 10, 2008 · Berlin, Germany coordination by ProgramSun Sept. 7th Opening 1st World ReUse Forum, Get TogetherMon Sept. 8th Opening, Invited Plenary, Sessions, Evening ReceptionTue Sept. 9th Sessions, Podium Discussion, Boat TourWed Sept. 10th Sessions, Panel Discussion, Closing SessionThu Sept. 11th Technical Tours to Specific Companies Location Estrel (Europe‘s largest convention & hotel complex) Chairman Herbert Reichl, TU Berlin & Fraunhofer IZM A Co-Operation of the World‘s Leading Conferences Registration and further info: http://egg2008.izm.fhg.de organized by

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