Sterilization and Disinfection. Antisepsis. Antiseptic agents and fabrics.

1. Sterilization and Disinfection. Antisepsis. Antiseptic agents and fabrics. Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University/ Department of microbiology

2. Methods of asepsis -mechanical cleaning -chemical treatment -sterilization -disinfection -antisepsis -hermetic closing -isolation

3. Measures of asepsis Sterilization Disinfection

4. Physical methods • High temperature action Dry heat Moist heat Flaming Boiling Pasteurization

5. Physical and other methods • Radiation action (ionizing and non-ionizing radiation ) • Ultrasonic and sonic vibration Mechanical methods Chemical methods

6. Heat sterilization • The factors influencing sterilization by heat are: • Nature of heat (dry heat or moist heat) • Temperature and time • Number of microorganisms present, their characteristics (species, ability to form spores) • Type of material from which organisms have to be eradicated

7. Dry heat sterilization • Hot air oven • 1600C to 1700C for 2 to 3 hours • Flaming • Incineration

8. Moist heat sterilization • Steam under pressure (autoclaving) • Steam at atmospheric pressure (1000C) • Tyndallization or fractional steam sterilization

9. Methods of heat decontamination • Boiling • Pasteurization

10. Gas sterilization • Ethylene oxide • Formaldehyde gas • Betapropionlactone (BPL)

11. Methods of disinfection • The chemicals (disinfectants) are more often used for treatment articles, surfaces, contaminated instruments and clothes • Requirements to ideal disinfectant are: • Must be effective against a wide variety of infectious agents • Should not be toxic to human • Should be odorless, stable upon storage, and soluble in water and lipids • Should not be corrosive for common materials • Should be relatively inexpensive

12. Determination of disinfectant effectiveness • Phenol coefficient test • Measurement of killing rates with germicides • Use dilution testing • In-use testing

13. Antisepsis • Antisepsisis the prevention of infection or sepsis by removing or decreasing bacteria on the skin and mucous membranes • Antisepticsare chemical antimicrobial agents which are applied to tissue to prevent infection • Antiseptic fabrics are the sutures, dressing materials and polymer items which are compose with antiseptics

14. Classification of the disinfectants and antiseptics • Surface-active agents (cationic, anionic, nonionic and amphotheric) • Halogens (iodine and chlorine) • Oxidizing agents • Aldehydes • Phenolics • Alcohols • Dyes • Heavy metal salts • Acids

15. Mechanisms of disinfectant action • Denaturion of proteins and microbial enzymes • Disruption of cell membranes • Oxidizing of cellular components

16. Disinfectant effectiveness depends on • Concentration • Exposition • Temperature • Presence of organic materials

17. Antiseptics containing decamethoxine • Decasan (0,02% isotonic solution) • Palisan • Horosten (hygienic antiseptic) • Palisept (ointment) • Antifungin • Аmosept (film-forming antiseptic) • Aspersept(powder) • Aurisan, otosan (eardrops) • Oftadec (eyedrops) • Septefril (oral antiseptic in tablets) • Rinosept (nasaldrops) • Deseptol (vaginal suppository)