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Medical-Surgical Nursing: An Integrated Approach, 2E Chapter 15

Medical-Surgical Nursing: An Integrated Approach, 2E Chapter 15. Anesthesia. Anasthesia & Analgesia . Essential to healthcare delivery today. Anasthesia – absence of normal sensation Analgesia – pain relief without anasthesia. Preanesthetic Preparation.

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Medical-Surgical Nursing: An Integrated Approach, 2E Chapter 15

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  1. Medical-Surgical Nursing: An Integrated Approach, 2E Chapter 15 Anesthesia

  2. Anasthesia & Analgesia Essential to healthcare delivery today. • Anasthesia – absence of normal sensation • Analgesia – pain relief without anasthesia

  3. Preanesthetic Preparation • Avoidance of foods and drink prevents passive regurgitation of gastric contents • Clients should typically continue medications up to surgery • Consent must be received

  4. Sedation • Reduction of stress, excitement, or irritability and some suppression of CNS • Typically used to relieve anxiety and discomfort during a procedure • Residual effects include amnesia and letheragy

  5. Regional Anesthesia • A region of the body is rendered insensible to pain.

  6. Types of Regional Anesthesia • Local • Nerve blocks • Spinal & Epidural blocks

  7. Residual Effects • Motor Block • Sensory Block • Sympathetic Block

  8. General Anesthesia • Involves unconsciousness and complete insensibility to pain • There are four stages of General Anesthesia: • Induction • Maintenance • Emergence • Recovery

  9. Induction & Airway Management • Shortest stage of Anesthesia but critical • Immediately after induction, the airway must be secured using a cuffed Endotracheal tube (ETT)

  10. Maintenence • General Anesthesia is maintained with a combination of IV and inhaled drugs • Sometimes specialized medicines are applied to achieve complete paralysis, relax skeletal muscles and more

  11. Emergence • Client’s awareness returns as drug wears off • Emergence must be carefully controlled and monitored

  12. Recovery • Recovery may be an extended process with memory and other aspects affected for a long period • Many anesthetics are absorbed into body fat and released slowly into the system

  13. Common Concerns • Client may suffer from apnea, decline in respirations • Few direct heart rate and blood pressure effects, but these should be closely monitored • Client may have trouble regulating body temperature • Client may have abnormal fluid levels

  14. Post Operative Pain Management • Post-Operative pain results from: • Tissue injury • Inflammation • Hormonal changes • Hyperexcitability and more

  15. Methods for Controlling Pain • Patient Controlled Analgesia • Regional Analgesia • Local anasthetics • Opioids

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